Mapping rule-based systems onto multicomputers using simulated annealing

In this paper, we present a static load balancing method for mapping production rules in an expert system onto processors of a message-passing multicomputer. The method uses simulated annealing to achieve a nearly optimal allocation of production rules onto processor nodes. The approach balances the initial rule distribution to avoid higher communication demand among processor nodes at run time. A formal mapping model is developed and a new cost function is defined for the annealing process. New heuristic swap functions and cooling policies are provided to ensure the quality of the annealing process. A software load balancing package, SIMAL, was implemented on a SUN workstation to carry out the benchmark experiments. The overhead associated with this mapping method is O(m In m), where m is the number of rules in the production system. Two benchmark production systems, Toru-waltz and Tourney, are mapped onto a hypercube computer with 32 nodes. Experimental benchmark results verify the effectiveness of the rule mapping method. The method can be applied for distributed artificial intelligence processing or for the parallel execution of cooperating expert systems on a message-passing multicomputer.     

新型机载高速数据通信系统设计

为了满足航空电子通信技术发展的需求,提出了基于FDDI标准的机载高速光纤通信网络体系结构,论述了该通信系统的总体设计思想和硬软件实现方案,最后简述机载高速数据通信系统的应用情况.     

Improving Cost Estimates of Construction Projects Using Phased Cost Factors

Central to cost-based competition is the capability to accurately predict the cost of delivering a project. Most literature on cost estimation focuses on specific estimation methods as generic techniques and little attention has been paid to the unique requirements at each project stage. This note attempts to identify the critical factors for effective estimation at various stages of typical construction projects. Drawing from organization control theory and cost estimating literature, this note develops a theoretical framework that identifies the critical factors for effective cost estimation during each project phase of a conventional construction project. The underlying logic is that as a cost estimating effort progresses, both task programmability and output measurability improve. As a result, control effort will shift from input-oriented control to a combination of output and behavior control.     

智能工作站主机的MMPIS实验模型研究──一个全互连式结构MMPIS硬件环境的设计与实现

本文介绍中日国际合作开发研究的Ａ１型智能网（Ａ１型ＩＮ）智能工作站（ＩＷ）主机的并行推理硬件结构的实验模型设计与实现，给出了一种并行推理硬件支持环境实现方案和该方案在实现中若干问题的解决方法。     

通用串行总线(USB)数据传输模型

USB作为一种数据传输接口，了解它的通信传输机制是正确利用USB利用数据传输的基础，分层次结构对USB数据传输模型加以分析，可以使读者建立起USB体系结构、通信模型和总线事务的框架和概念，并最终对USB传输工作流程有一个清晰的认识。     

非线性系统鲁棒吸引的动态补偿方法

考虑非线性不确定系统的鲁棒吸引问题,借助于动态输出反馈,构造了两类控制律。这两类控制律分别可使相应的闭环系统被一任意小的区域鲁棒吸引,或被一预先设置的区域有限吸引。     

Clinical study on effect of bushen shengxue paste in treating renal anemia patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutical mechanism of Bushen Shengxue Paste (BSSXP) on anemia. METHODS: Chronic renal failure induced anemia patients were treated with BSSXP, clinical manifestation, anemia and renal function as indicators were observed in patients. The erythropoietin (EPO) and inhibition of colony-forming unit-erythrocyte (CFU-E) in patients' serum were determined by CFU-E in vitro. RESULTS: The patients' symptoms, renal function and anemia were improved after administration with BSSXP 1-2 course. EPO in serum was slightly increased. The inhibition of CFU-E in patient's serum was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: BSSXP could improve the anemia degree, its mechanism might be through clearing the inhibitor of CFU-E in serum.     

The importance of electrochemistry-related etching in thegate-groove fabrication for InAlAs/InGaAs HFETs

For the first time, the surface metal on nonalloyed ohmic electrodes is found to significantly change the profiles of gate grooves, when resist openings are employed to monitor drain current during wet-chemical gate recess for sub-micron InAlAs/lnGaAs heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs). The surface metal of Ni enhances the etching rate in comparison with that in the absence of electrodes by a factor of 4 and 10, laterally and vertically, which is favorable to fabricate deep gate grooves with small side etching. The Pt surface metal, however, leads to preferential etching of InGaAs over InAlAs, which can be useful to realize large side etching. The existence of an electrochemistry-related etching component, which arises when the ohmic electrodes are present during recess etching, is considered to be responsible for these behaviors     

New balance ground relay for parallel four-circuit transmission lines

A 66-kV network generally is grounded through a neutral grounding resistor. In this network a single-phase ground-fault current is limited to as small as 100 to 400 A. There are parallel four-circuit transmission lines mounted on the same tower in the 66-kV network. In such transmission lines, the load and the fault currents could induce circulating current that flows through the lines. Since the circulating current has zero-phase-sequence and negative-phase-sequence components, it could cause unwanted operation of a balance ground relay using zero-phase-sequence current. However, it is difficult to compensate for the circulating current by the conventional vector compensation scheme. This paper presents a new balance ground relay to deal with the circulating current. In the relay from the ground-fault inception until first tripping, the difference current Δ3I_2d of negative-phase-sequence current 3I_2d of the differential current between two protected lines is used as an input current. The Δ3I_2d is the difference current of 3I_2d between, before and during faults. After the first tripping, the difference current of positive-phase-sequence load current and zero-phase-sequence current of the forementioned differential current are used as an input current. Consequently, a higher sensitivity of the ground-fault protection for these lines has been achieved. The correct operation of the new balance ground relay was confirmed when a single-phase-ground-fault occurred in the parallel four-circuit transmission lines, to which the relay is applied.     

c-KIT expression enhances the leukemogenic potential of 32D cells

The growth of human leukemic cells in culture and in vivo is dependent upon the presence of hematopoietic growth factors. Most populations of human leukemic acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells express c-Kit on their surface and respond to Kit ligand (KL) in culture. To determine if this interaction was of potential significance in vivo we used a mouse model system. 32D cells, a murine IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line, were rendered KL responsive by transfection of the murine c-Kit. After injection of 32D or 32D-Kit cells into syngeneic hosts, animals bearing 32D-Kit cells, but not 32D cells, became moribund and were killed. These animals had circulating leukemic blast cells, infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, brain, liver, lung, and kidney. Cells recovered from some of the animals continued to be dependent upon IL-3 or KL for growth while in other cases the cells were factor independent. This model illustrates that the constitutive expression of c-Kit enhances the leukemic potential of 32D cells. The model will be useful for studying the progression of leukemia in vivo and testing whether interruption of the interaction of Kit and KL can affect the growth of leukemic cells.