The role of Ly49A and 5E6(Ly49C) molecules in hybrid resistance mediated by murine natural killer cells against normal T cell blasts

Due to affluence and a sedentary life style a great deal of people in the western countries are affected by coronary heart disease (CHD). The relation between CHD and certain risk factors pertaining to life style is evaluated in this study. A primary purpose is to study certain crucial risk factors for women. The main variables are age, smoking, overweight (measured by BMI), blood pressure and exercise. This prospective study is based on self-reported data from the nation-wide Swedish Level of Living Survey and on data from the national Cause of Death Register. The data were analysed separately by sex using a proportional hazards model. The sample was divided into two strata: those with heart disease and/or diabetes initially, and all the rest. A sample of 2546 men and 2760 women between 45 and 74 years of age was followed from 1980 to the end of 1990. During this period 189 men and 75 women died of coronary heart disease (CHD). It was found that high blood pressure raised the relative risk (RR) of death from CHD by almost 60% in both men and women. Male smokers (> 14 cigarettes a day) had about 60% (significant) and female smokers (> 10 cigarettes a day) 150% (significant) excessive mortality from CHD. Different levels of overweight among women were strongly related to excess mortality from CHD, ranging between 100 and 300%. Among men there was no such relation. Lack of physical activity showed only a weak (non-significant) increased risk of death due to CHD. Diabetes was also found to be an important risk factor for mortality from CHD, especially among women, being seven times as high as among non diabetics. A test of sex differences revealed that there were two significant interactions, namely between sex and overweight, and between sex and age. Background variables in relation to mortality from all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were also studied. There were of course many similarities between the effects of the background variables in both the disease groups, but there were interesting differences too, e.g. overweight turned out to be a significant risk factor also for men and physical inactivity for women.     

Numerical modeling of jet flows of a viscous liquid

Flows in the jet boundary layer of an incompressible liquid are studied using a numerical finitedifference method which is developed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 691–697, October, 1976.     

MR imaging of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

MR imaging of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the humerus is presented and correlated with gross and microscopic histology from the surgical specimen. The classification of chondrosarcoma and specific MR signal characteristics that suggest dedifferentiation are discussed.     

Further evidence for sublexical components in implicit memory for novel words

This study provides further evidence for the notion, proposed by Dorfman (1994), that activation of sublexical components plays an important role in implicit memory for novel words. Priming in an identification task was observed consistently when nonwords were formed out of morphemes; weaker, more variable effects were observed when nonwords were composed of syllables or pseudosyllables. Priming was insensitive to changes in the surface features (type case) of the stimuli and was disrupted by rearrangement of the stimulus components. Results are interpreted in terms of the activation and integration of preexisting sublexical representations and as evidence against the role of newly established episodic or perceptual representations. It is concluded that findings of priming for novel information should not be taken as evidence against an activation view.     

Thymic carcinomas, but not thymomas and carcinomas of other sites, show CD5 immunoreactivity

Thus far, there are no immunohistochemical markers that are specific for thymic epithelial neoplasms, although demonstration of immature T cells in an epithelial tumor can indirectly support a diagnosis of thymoma. In this study, the usefulness of a paraffin section-reactive CD5 antibody (clone CD5/54/B4) for supporting the thymic origin of an epithelial neoplasm was evaluated. Antigen retrieval was effected by microwaving in citrate buffer. Sixteen of 24 thymic carcinomas (67%) were immunoreactive for CD5, including nine of nine squamous cell, two of two undifferentiated, two of four lymphoepithelioma-like, and one case each of basolid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and unclassified thymic carcinoma, but none of four thymic small cell carcinomas. None of 17 cases of benign thymoma and 21 cases of invasive thymoma (including six cases classifiable as well-differentiated thymic carcinoma using the Muller-Hermelink criteria) was immunoreactive for CD5, in the presence of CD5-positive lymphocytes as an internal positive control. Two of three thymic neoplasms with features borderline between thymic carcinoma and invasive thymoma were immunoreactive for CD5. In contrast, none of 61 cases of other malignant neoplasms with a tendency to involve the mediastinum was immunoreactive for CD5, including 40 nonthymic carcinomas and 13 malignant germ cell neoplasma. CD5 staining of thymic epithelial tumors correlated with the absence of tumor-associated CD99-positive thymocytes, as demonstrated in our previous studies. We conclude that CD5 is a useful marker of primary thymic carcinomas. Taken together, CD5 and CD99 (or other immature T-cell markers such as TdT and Cd1a) should be particularly useful in evaluating mediastinal and other biopsy samples of possible thymic epithelial neoplasms and in the subtyping of these tumors.