Effects of expeller-pressed/physically refined soybean oil on frying oil stability and flavor of french-fried potatoes

To determine effects of expeller pressing/physical refining of soybean oil (SBO) on frying, studies were conducted with expeller-pressed, physically refined, bleached, deodorized SBO (EPSBO); hexane-extracted, refined, bleached, deodorized SBO+TBHQ; and hydrogenated SBO (HSBO). Oils contained citric acid and dimethylpolysiloxane and were used for 35 h of frying french-fried potatoes. Polar compound levels in EPSBO were similar to SBO+TBHQ or HSBO. Flavor quality of potatoes was evaluated by trained, experienced, analytical sensory panelists. In early frying stages, potatoes fried in EPSBO had significantly lower intensities of fishiness than potatoes fried in SBO+TBHQ. Potatoes fried in HSBO were described as “hydrogenated”. Because of differences in flavor intensities and types, potatoes prepared in EPSBO had significantly better quality scores than those fried in SBO+TBHQ or HSBO during the first 15 h of frying. During later stages (25 and 35 h), potatoes fried in EPSBO had significantly better quality scores than potatoes fried in HSBO. Variations in minor oil constituents may partly explain these differences. EPSBO had less total tocopherols and phytosterols than did SBO at 0-time. During frying, TBHQ in SBO and Maillard reaction products in EPSBO probably inhibited tocopherol loss and therefore improved quality.     

A Mössbauer effect investigation of site preferences and Fe environments in Ga-substituted Sm2Fe17 compounds

Room temperature ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer studies of the 2:17 compounds Sm₂Fe_17−xGa_x with x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are reported. These measurements yield values of the Fe hyperfine field and relative concentration of Fe atoms at the four inequivalent transition metal sites, 6c, 9d, 18f and 18h, in the rhombohedral Th₂Zn₁₇ structure. Changes in the Fe hyperfine field as a function of Ga content can be correlated to changes in lattice parameter and Curie temperature and are the result of changes in the transition metal-transition metal exchange coupling. The relative intensity of the various spectra components shows that for small concentrations, Ga preferentially enters into the 18h sites. For x & 1 a substantial quantity of Ga also enters into the 18f sites. It is the Ga which enters into the 18f sites which is responsible for the formation of a uniaxial anisotropy in these materials for higher Ga content.     

Learning the control of variables strategy in higher and lower achieving classrooms: Contributions of explicit instruction and experimentation.

Students (n = 797) from 36 4th-grade classrooms were taught the control of variables strategy for designing experiments. In the instruct condition, classes were taught in an interactive lecture format. In the manipulate condition, students worked in groups to design and run experiments to determine the effects of four variables. In the both condition, classes received the interactive lecture and also designed and ran experiments. We assessed students' understanding using a written test of their ability to distinguish valid from invalid experimental comparisons. Performance on this test improved from the pretest to the immediate posttest in all conditions, and gains were maintained at a 5-month delay. For students from both higher and lower achieving schools, gains ordered as follows: both > instruct > manipulate. However, students from higher achieving schools showed greater gains in all conditions. Item analyses showed that the interactive lecture improved students' understanding of the need to control irrelevant variables, and experimentation improved students' understanding of the need to vary the focal variable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Redundant pathways of sunscreen biosynthesis in a cyanobacterium

Route of the sun block: according to empirical evidence, sun-screening mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in Eukarya originate from the shikimic acid pathway, whereas in cyanobacteria, biosynthesis of the MAA shinorine reportedly occurs through the pentose phosphate pathway. However, gene deletion shows that the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29143 does not biosynthesise shinorine exclusively by this route.     

The practice of nursing theory in the operating room

Nursing theory is a set of ideas, experiences, or observations regarding how and why nurses engage in certain activities and exhibit various behavioral attributes in providing patient care. The individualized caregiving activities perioperative nurses express during all phases of the surgical experience are supported by nursing theory.     

Generalizing the common language effect size indicator to bivariate normal correlations.

K. O. McGraw and S. P. Wong (see record 1992-18415-001) described an appealing index of effect size that requires no prior knowledge of statistics to understand. They termed this index the common language effect size indicator (CL): the probability that a score randomly sampled from 1 distribution will be larger than a randomly sampled score from a 2nd distribution. In extending this concept to a bivariate normal distribution, with correlation r, one may think again of randomly sampling 2 individuals; if the 1st individual has a higher score on the 1st variable than the 2nd individual, the CLR in this case is the probability that the 1st individual will also have a higher score on the 2nd variable. An equation for this probability is derived that permits converting any value of r into CLR, the common language effect size index for a bivariate correlation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in adults: implications for the health care worker

In recent years, several outbreaks of drug-resistant tuberculosis have occurred in U.S. hospitals. In response to this recognized risk of tuberculosis exposure in health care facilities, the Centers for Disease Control and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have issued guidelines or policy procedures for minimizing risks of tuberculosis transmission within these facilities. Some of the recommendations outlined in these governmental documents have been controversial. In this review the guidelines/policies and the debate surrounding them are discussed as they affect the health care worker who cares for adult patients with tuberculosis.