Dust off Those Encyclopedias: Using Reference Sources to Teach the ACRL Framework Concepts

What if the ideal tools for teaching undergraduate students the most critical information literacy concepts have been sitting in the stacks all along collecting dust? Reference sources are an optimal medium to introduce all six of the Association of College &; Research Libraries' (ACRL) Framework's central concepts for information literacy. Additionally, by understanding a reference source's place in the information search process, students learn to consciously avoid the common pitfall of neglecting exploratory research before specifying research inquiries. Thus, incorporating reference sources thoughtfully into instructional design contributes to the development of both information literacy and metacognition.     

A generalized Petri net modeling approach for the control of re-entrant flow semiconductor wafer fabrication

Re-entrant flow manufacturing lines, such as occur in semiconductor wafer fabrication, are characterized by a product routing that consists of multiple visits to a workstation or group of workstations during the manufacturing process. In this paper, a modeling approach is based on the use of generalized Petri nets for a re-entrant flow manufacturing line is presented. Specifically, three Petri net models representing a re-entrant flow line with three work centers and six machines are modeled. How these models may be used to represent a variety of queuing disciplines and work release policies is discussed.     

Ontogeny of Ia messenger RNA in the mouse small intestinal epithelium is modulated by age of weaning and diet

BACKGROUND: Exogenous antigenic peptides are presented to T cells by class II major histocompatibility complex (Ia) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) is also required for effective antigen presentation. Because messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for Ii chain and for class II I-A beta chain appear in the mouse intestinal epithelium after weaning, experiments were conducted to test the effect of age of weaning and diet on the appearance of Ia and Ii mRNA. METHODS: Four litters were split at day 17; one half was weaned and the other remained with the mother until day 24. On day 23, 25, 27, and 29, enterocytes were isolated from full-length small intestine by vascular perfusion with 30 mmol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and the RNA was extracted. RESULTS: Appearance of Ii and I-A beta was significantly delayed by late weaning, as judged by RNA hybridization blots (Ii chain) and complementary DNA amplification (I-A beta chain). In mice on elemental diets, the appearance of Ii and I-A beta chain was delayed compared with littermates reared on standard chow. Ii mRNA failed to appear in mice maintained on the elemental diet by day 40, despite normal growth. CONCLUSIONS: Appearance of mRNA for both Ia and Ii depends on the introduction of a complex diet and not the "stress" of weaning or elimination of breast milk. Introduction of foreign dietary antigens or development of an altered intestinal flora may contribute to this process.     

Analogues of capsaicin with agonist activity as novel analgesic agents; structure-activity studies. 3. The hydrophobic side-chain "C-region"

Structural variants of the hydrophobic side chain ("C region") of the capsaicin molecule have been incorporated into a series of vanillylamides and vanillylthioureas. These compounds have been tested in an in vitro assay for agonism (45Ca2+ influx into dorsal root ganglia neurones), previously shown to be predictive of analgesic activity. The results of this study have established the requirement for a hydrophobic substituent of limited size (molar refractivity, MR, < 55) in order to obtain high potency. Combination of the information gained here about the "C-region" of the capsaicin molecule with the studies described in the preceding two papers provides a rational basis for the design of compounds of increased potency.     

The dead mother

This study is not concerned, as the title might suggest, with the actual death of the mother but with the child's experience of a mother who is physically present but internally absent due to depression. The child simultaneously introjects and splits off the mother imago, making mourning and "burial" equally impossible. The consequence of this cathectic deprivation is what the author calls "psychic holes" or "white depression". Green attributes to the dead mother a similar structuring function for the psychic apparatus to that attributed to the dead father in Freud's Totem and Taboo, and places the dead mother complex side by side with the Oedipus complex.     

The ultrastructural characteristics of the changes in the rat liver in the dynamics of experimental endotoxemia

Electron microscopic study was performed in the experiments on the rat liver while intravenously administering E. coli endotoxin. The dynamics of ultrastructural disorders during endotoxemia has been established and the role of "Kupffer cell-hepatocyte" microsystem in the liver detoxification function is shown.     

Generating nonorthogonal bases for signal representation

The representation of functions in a basis function expansionz(t)= k=1/=,a _k> x _k (t) is straightforward when the basis functionsx _k (t) are orthogonal. There has been very little work up to this time in determining how to use nonorthogonal bases in signal representation. On the other hand, applications in data compression and signal synthesis often require using specific tailor-made bases. Presented here is a method for constructing very general nonorthogonal bases.Orthogonality has often been used to show that a basis spans the set of functions of interest and to calculate the coefficients of the representation. In this paper, both of these fundamental aspects are addressed for nonorthogonal bases. A new basis {y _k (t)} is obtained by performing a linear transformation on a known existing basis {x _k (t)}. This transformation is constructed such that the coefficients of signal representation on the new basis are readily found. Then, a useful and sufficient condition is placed upon the new basis such that representations converge.The fundamental methods are applied to the standard examples of signal representation. The complex sinusoids, the Rademacher functions, the orthogonal polynomials, and the decaying exponentials are used as the original basis {x _k (t)} from which a new basis {y _k (t)} is generated. Two examples are given to illustrate general applications: one in signal synthesis and one in signal analysis.     

The effect of action video game experience on task-switching

There is now a substantial body of work demonstrating that action video game experience results in enhancements in a wide variety of perceptual skills. More recently, several groups have also demonstrated improvements in abilities that are more cognitive in nature, in particular, the ability to efficiently switch between tasks. In a series of four experiments, we add to this body of work, demonstrating that the action video game player advantage is not exclusively due to an ability to map manual responses onto arbitrary buttons, but rather generalizes to vocal responses, is not restricted to tasks that are perceptual in nature (e.g. respond to a physical dimension of the stimulus such as its color), but generalizes to more cognitive tasks (e.g. is a number odd or even), and is present whether the switch requires a goal-switch or only a motor switch. Finally, a training study establishes that the relationship between the reduction in switch cost and action game playing is causal.     

A thin film electrochromic display based on the tungsten bronzes

The main features of a passive thin film display cell based on the electrochemically reversible formation of a tungsten bronze according to the reaction

$\text{(colourless) WO}{}_3\text{+ x}\text{M}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+ x}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{?}\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{WO}{}_3\text{(blue)}$

where 0 < x < 1 are considered. Chemical analysis of an electrochemically coloured WO₃ film has confirmed the presence of M. It is shown that a critical requirement of these cells is that D_τ(qC_m/Q)² ≈ 1, where the symbols are, in order, the M⁺ diffusion coefficient, the required device response time, the electronic charge, the maximum practical volume concentration of M in the WO₃ film and lastly the area colouring charge. Typical energy requirements might be about 10 mJ cm^?2 per complete cycle in a favourable case.Ionic injection overpotentials and ionic diffusion both appear to play a significant role in determining cell currents. Preliminary diffusion coefficient results for Li⁺ in r.f. sputtered WO₃ films are reported, and their predicted dependence of film structure is discussed. The optical absorption of coloured WO₃ films is presented, and it is interpreted as being predominantly due to free-electron intraband transitions.