全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4705篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 24篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 811篇 |
金属工艺 | 58篇 |
机械仪表 | 58篇 |
建筑科学 | 65篇 |
矿业工程 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 149篇 |
轻工业 | 248篇 |
水利工程 | 20篇 |
石油天然气 | 23篇 |
无线电 | 313篇 |
一般工业技术 | 321篇 |
冶金工业 | 2538篇 |
原子能技术 | 18篇 |
自动化技术 | 226篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 63篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 90篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 101篇 |
2016年 | 112篇 |
2015年 | 89篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 228篇 |
2012年 | 135篇 |
2011年 | 120篇 |
2010年 | 97篇 |
2009年 | 116篇 |
2008年 | 87篇 |
2007年 | 65篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 93篇 |
1998年 | 806篇 |
1997年 | 495篇 |
1996年 | 300篇 |
1995年 | 207篇 |
1994年 | 113篇 |
1993年 | 160篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 37篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 85篇 |
1976年 | 165篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有4876条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Insulin-like growth factor I activates the invasion suppressor function of E-cadherin in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cells in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ME Bracke BM Vyncke EA Bruyneel SJ Vermeulen GK De Bruyne NA Van Larebeke K Vleminckx FM Van Roy MM Mareel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,68(2):282-289
The calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been shown to counteract invasion of epithelial neoplastic cells. Using three monoclonal antibodies, we have demonstrated the presence of E-cadherin at the surface of human MCF-7/6 mammary carcinoma cells by indirect immunofluorescence coupled to flow cytometry and by immunocytochemistry. Nevertheless, MCF-7/6 cells failed to aggregate in a medium containing 1.25 mM CaCl2, and they were invasive after confrontation with embryonic chick heart fragments in organ culture. Treatment of MCF-7/6 cells with 0.5 microgram ml-1 insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) led to homotypic aggregation within 5 to 10 min and inhibited invasion in vitro during at least 8 days. The effect of IGF-I on cellular aggregation was insensitive to cycloheximide. However, monoclonal antibodies that interfered with the function of either the IGF-I receptor (alpha IR3) or E-cadherin (HECD-1, MB2) blocked the effect of IGF-I on aggregation. The effects of IGF-I on aggregation and on invasion could be mimicked by 1 microgram ml-1 insulin, but not by 0.5 microgram ml-1 IGF-II. The insulin effects were presumably not mediated by the IGF-I receptor, since they could not be blocked by an antibody against this receptor (alpha IR3). Our results indicate that IGF-I activates the invasion suppressor role of E-cadherin in MCF-7/6 cells. 相似文献
52.
A generalized parameter-level statistical model, called statistical MOS (SMOS), capable of generating statistically significant model decks from intra- and inter-die parameter statistics is described. Calculated model decks preserve the inherent correlations between model parameters while accounting for the dependence of parameter variance on device separation distance and device area. Using a Monte Carlo approach to parameter sampling, circuit output means and standard deviations can be simulated. Incorporated in a CAD environment, these modeling algorithms will provide the analog circuit designer with a method to determine the effect of both circuit layout and device sizing on circuit output variance. Test chips have been fabricated from two different fabrication processes to extract statistical information required by the model. Experimental and simulation results for two analog subcircuits are compared to verify the statistical modeling algorithms 相似文献
53.
Design of a CMOS 18th-order IF (intermediate frequency) bandpass filter for integrated low-IF Bluetooth receivers is presented. The centre frequency and bandwidth of the filter are 3 and 1 MHz, respectively. The proposed filter is based on unity gain fully differential voltage buffers and provides efficient, low power and a small area design solution. The filter, including its automatic tuning circuit, occupies an area of 0.6 mm2 in a standard 0.5 mum-CMOS chip. Experimental results show that the filter satisfies the selectivity and dynamic range requirements of Bluetooth while operating from a total supply current of 0.9 mA 相似文献
54.
MP Mooney RD Mundell K Stetzer MW Ochs EA Milch MJ Buckley MI Siegel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,7(1):46-53
So called lethal midline granuloma is of great clinical and theoretical interest. Recent evidence has shown that most lethal midline granulomas are associated with a T-cell phenotype and they are therefore referred to as nasal T-cell lymphomas (NTCL). Immunohistochemical studies, however, have shown peculiar phenotypic features such as expression of natural killer (NK)-cell-related markers and extensive T-cell antigen loss including absence of expression of alpha beta T-cell receptor (TCR). In this study, we reported genotypic and immunohistochemical features in two cases of lethal midline granuloma. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimens was polymorphic reticulosis/midline malignant reticulosis. Both cases displayed a CD2+, CD3-, CD3 epsilon+, CD4-, CD8-, CD16-, CD56+ phenotype, suggesting that these tumors may be peripheral T-cell lymphomas with extensive loss of T-cell antigens and expression of NK cell antigen (CD56), or, alternatively, NK cell neoplasias. No TCR beta gene rearrangement was detected in these cases. Monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome was detected in each specimen by Southern blot hybridization. The tumor cells in one of the two cases expressed latent membrane protein (LMP). These findings support the concept that lethal midline granuloma constitutes a distinct group of lymphomas that, in addition to their peculiar clinical features, exhibits the phenotype of extensive loss of T-cell antigens and expression of the NK cell antigen, as well as harbors the EBV. In view of the LMP-transforming potential, these data suggest that EBV may play a role in the pathogenesis of lethal midline granuloma. 相似文献
55.
LJ Diehl CK Mathiason-Dubard LL O'Neil EA Hoover 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,70(4):2503-2507
Viral RNA load has been shown to indicate disease stage and predict the rapidity of disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. We had previously demonstrated that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) RNA levels in plasma correlate with disease stage in infected cats. Here we expand upon those observations by demonstrating that plasma virus load is 1 to 2 logs higher in cats with rapidly progressive FIV disease than in long-term survivors. Differences in plasma FIV RNA levels are evident by 1 to 2 weeks after infection and are consistent throughout infection. We also evaluated humoral immune responses in FIV-infected cats for correlation with survival times. Total anti-FIV antibody titers did not differ between cats with rapidly progressive FIV disease and long-term survivors. These findings indicate that virus replication plays an important role in FIV disease progression, as it does in HIV-1 disease progression. The parallels in virus loads and disease progressions between HIV-1 and FIV support the idea that the accelerated disease model is well suited for the study of therapeutic agents directed at reducing lentiviral replication. 相似文献
56.
TI Lezhen SA Kramarev EA Dmitrieva LA Palatnaia VN Blagodatny? 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,68(6):104-108
Practical application of turbidimetrical method for the diagnosis of haemostasis disorders in babies with acute intestinal infections (AII) is described. The results of plasma biochemical analysis show that disturbances in balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic systems takes place in patients with this pathology. The correlation between biochemical parameters and clinical characteristics is observed. As follows from our data, the phase of the haemostasis disorders in babies with AII does not depend on etiology of the disease, but indicates its severity. 相似文献
57.
EA Chernoff 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,40(4):823-831
To study the triggering mechanism(s) of the induction of apoptosis following exposure to u.v. light, we used a genetic approach involving cell strains derived from patients with inherited deficiencies in nucleotide excision repair. It was found that cells from patients with Cockayne's syndrome, which are deficient in the processing of u.v.-induced pyrimidine dimers from the transcribed DNA strand, are induced to undergo apoptosis at much lower doses of u.v. light than cells with proficient strand-specific repair. The induction of apoptosis correlated to the induction of p53 and to the inhibition of total RNA and poly(A) mRNA synthesis. We also show that active p53 proteins accumulate following u.v.-irradiation without any apparent requirement for DNA strand breaks or excision repair intermediates. We propose that the blockage of RNA polymerases at DNA lesions in the transcribed strand triggers the induction of a pathway leading to apoptosis. These findings may help explain a long standing enigma of why, despite the DNA repair deficiency, patients with Cockayne's syndrome do not experience an elevated risk for skin cancer since potentially pre-mutagenic cells are eliminated by an easily triggered apoptotic pathway. 相似文献
58.
Responsiveness of self-reported and objective measures of disease severity in carpal tunnel syndrome
JN Katz RH Gelberman EA Wright RA Lew MH Liang 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,32(11):1127-1133
Responsiveness, the ability to detect meaningful clinical change, is a critical attribute of instruments used to evaluate outcomes of treatments. The authors hypothesized that self-administered symptom severity and functional status questionnaires are more responsive to clinical improvement after carpal tunnel release than traditional physical examination measures of strength and sensibility. Data were obtained from a randomized clinical trial of endoscopic versus open carpal tunnel release conducted in four university medical centers. Patients were evaluated before surgery and 3 months after surgery. Seventy-four patients indicating that they were more than 80% satisfied with the results of surgery were assumed to have clinically meaningful improvement and were the focus of the analysis. Evaluations included questionnaires assessing symptom severity, functional status, and activities of daily living as well as measurement of grip, pinch, and abductor pollicus brevis strength, and 2-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein pressure sensibility. Responsiveness was calculated with the standardized response mean (mean change/standard deviation of change) as well as the effect size (mean change/standard deviation of baseline values). The symptom severity scale was four times as responsive, and the functional status and activities of daily living scales were twice as responsive, as the measures of strength and sensibility. Self-administered symptom severity and functional status scales are much more responsive to clinical improvement than measures of neuromuscular impairment and should severe as primary outcomes in clinical studies of therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome. 相似文献
59.
Tripe palms is a cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome. We report a case of tripe palms in a 71-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer. Approximately 90% of patients with tripe palms have an associated cancer, most commonly involving the lung or the stomach. Any patient with tripe palms must have a complete cancer workup, especially for lung and stomach cancer. 相似文献
60.
Electron transfer by domain movement in cytochrome bc1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Z Zhang L Huang VM Shulmeister YI Chi KK Kim LW Hung AR Crofts EA Berry SH Kim 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,392(6677):677-684
The cytochrome bc1 is one of the three major respiratory enzyme complexes residing in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cytochrome bc1 transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and uses the energy thus released to form an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. Our X-ray crystal structures of the complex from chicken, cow and rabbit in both the presence and absence of inhibitors of quinone oxidation, reveal two different locations for the extrinsic domain of one component of the enzyme, an iron-sulphur protein. One location is close enough to the supposed quinol oxidation site to allow reduction of the Fe-S protein by ubiquinol. The other site is close enough to cytochrome c1 to allow oxidation of the Fe-S protein by the cytochrome. As neither location will allow both reactions to proceed at a suitable rate, the reaction mechanism must involve movement of the extrinsic domain of the Fe-S component in order to shuttle electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c1. Such a mechanism has not previously been observed in redox protein complexes. 相似文献