An Implementation of Rational Wavelets and Filter Design for Phonetic Classification

Although wavelet analysis has been proposed for speech processing as an alternative to Fourier analysis, most approaches make use of off-the-shelf wavelets and dyadic tree-structured filter banks. In this paper, we extend previous wavelet-based frameworks in two ways. First, we increase the flexibility in wavelet selection by taking advantage of the relationship between wavelets and filter banks and by designing new wavelets using filter design methods. We adopt two filter design techniques that we refer to as filter matching and attenuation minimization. Second, we improve the flexibility in frequency partitioning by implementing rational as well as dyadic filter banks. Rational filter banks naturally incorporate the critical-band effect in the human auditory system. To test our extensions, we implement an energy-based measurement which we also compare in performance to the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) in a phonetic classification task. We show that the designed wavelets outperform off-the-shelf wavelets as well as an MFCC baseline     

A method of ranking the aggressive nature of chloride contaminated concrete

In this work, previously reported titration data obtained on cement pastes and concretes are analysed. It is postulated that the inhibitive nature of concretes may be quantified by titrating a ground suspension to the endpoint indicated by phenolphthalein while the aggressive chloride content may be determined from the soluble chloride at the endpoint of this titration. Thus, the aggressive nature of chloride contaminated concrete may be ranked using the ratio of the extracted chloride to acid neutralisation capacity. Not only is there a theoretical justification for this, but it is relatively simple to determine.     

Sperm storage in females of the smooth newt (Triturus v. vulgaris L.): I. Ultrastructure of the spermathecae during the breeding season

Sperm storage in cloacal spermathecae was studied in females of Triturus v. vulgaris collected early in the breeding season in southern England. Females collected in terrestrial situations, presumably unmated, were mated in the laboratory, and the ultrastructure of the transferred sperm and the spermathecae was observed at various intervals after mating. Sperm from a spermatophore cap lodged in a female's cloacal orifice can migrate into spermathecae within 1 hr after mating. Spherical structures on the axial fibers of some sperm in the cap could indicate immaturity. Disorderly clusters of sperm from the cap are still present in the cloacal chamber 12 hr after mating but are absent 24 hr after mating. During storage, sperm often are in tangled masses in the spermathecal tubules. The sperm are coated with spermathecal secretions, and some sperm nuclei were observed embedded in the spermathecal epithelium. Little evidence for spermiophagy early in the breeding season was found. During oviposition, mazes of sperm occur external to the spermathecal orifices, and sperm may be released in this condition onto eggs as they pass through the cloaca. The tangled clusters in which sperm are found from pick-up to oviposition are hypothesized as an adaptation to reduce the effectiveness of sperm competition from the ejaculates of rival males. Additional studies, using the same protocol and covering the entire cycle of sperm storage, are necessary to enable interspecific comparisons leading to phylogenetic hypotheses.     

Integration of Genomic Data for Inferring Protein Complexes from Global Protein–Protein Interaction Networks

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play crucial roles in virtually every aspect of cellular function within an organism. One important objective of modern biology is the extraction of functional modules, such as protein complexes from global protein interaction networks. This paper describes how seven genomic features and four experimental interaction data sets were combined using a Bayesian-networks-based data integration approach to infer PPI networks in yeast. Greater coverage and higher accuracy were achieved than in previous high-throughput studies of PPI networks in yeast. A Markov clustering algorithm was then used to extract protein complexes from the inferred protein interaction networks. The quality of the computed complexes was evaluated using the hand-curated complexes from the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences database and gene-ontology-driven semantic similarity. The results indicated that, by integrating multiple genomic information sources, a better clustering result was obtained in terms of both statistical measures and biological relevance.     

The effects of thermal annealing on the microstructural,optical and electrical properties of beta silicon carbide films implanted with boron or nitrogen

The effects of annealing of B or N dual implanted regions in 15-20 Μm thick monocrystalline Β-SiC films has been investigated using cross-sectional TEM, SIMS, Raman spectroscopy, C-V and sheet resistance measurements. Implantation resulted in buried amorphous regions (in the B films) or highly disordered regions (in the N films) and residually strained regions. Annealing for 300 s at selected temperatures between 1173 and 2073 K caused structural reordering, precipitation (in the B samples) and dopant diffusion, as the temperature was progressively increased. Only slight changes were noted in the sheet resistance of either type of sample as a result of annealing to 1973 K. However, the values of this parameter decreased markedly atT > 1973 K in both implanted and as-grown samples. Thus, this phenomenon was most probably caused by the formation of additionaln-type defects in the bulk of the materials. Presented at the 1985 Electronic Materials Conference, Boulder, CO, June, 1985.     

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