以设计为中心的虚拟制造技术及在化工过程装备中的应用

简述了虚拟制造技术的内涵、关键技术及应用现状。在分析化工过程装备特点基础上 ,对过程装备虚拟制造技术平台的体系结构进行了探讨 ,以典型过程装备螺旋片导流式气液分离器为例 ,对其数字化建模方法、数值仿真技术、虚拟设计和制造环境进行了研究。初步结果表明 :以设计为中心的虚拟制造技术的应用 ,可以有效地减少产品开发的时间和成本 ,提高产品质量     

Effects of Surface Relaxation on Enantiospecific Adsorption on Naturally Chiral Pt Surfaces

Many high Miller index metals surfaces are naturally chiral, offering opportunities for performing enantiospecific chemistry. Previous theoretical treatments of adsorption on these surfaces have used surfaces truncated from bulk crystals. This paper examines the effect of surface relaxation on enantiospecific adsorption on chiral Pt surfaces by using relaxed surface structures determined using density functional theory.     

A systematic review of the potential hurdles of interoperability to the emergency services in major incidents: recommendations for solutions and alternatives

This study presents a narrative synthesis of a systematic literature review relating to multi-agency interoperability and major incident decision-making in high risk, high stake environments. The review methodology includes the identification of relevant studies, a critical appraisal of the concepts inherent in the main review question and a narrative synthesis of the central themes that relate to the study as a whole. The review firstly outlines what, currently, appear to be the perceived defining features of successful interoperability by using the SAFE-T phase model of major incident decision-making. It then considers whether these defining features are realistically achievable in major incident practice. Findings suggest that the current definition of an interoperable network is too demanding for the inherent complexity and dynamic nature of the major incident task environment. Individual teams tend to focus on agency-specific behaviour, as opposed to coordinated multi-team functioning, and so collective interoperability is not achieved. Inevitably, this reduces the ability to perform collaborative behaviours, including decision-making and action implementation. The paper concludes that aiming for the current conceptualisation of interoperability along a hierarchical command structure may actually inhibit effective decision-making. Instead, multi-agency systems would do better to work towards an improved understanding of a non-hierarchical and decentralised yet interoperable major incident management network. Recommendations include the need to relate theory and practice in the development of multi-agency decision-making via simulation-based training and to deepen our understanding of interoperability to prevent inertia in high risk, high stake major incident environments.     

Coping with uncertainty: police strategies for resilient decision-making and action implementation

This study uses a hostage negotiation setting to demonstrate how a team of strategic police officers can utilize specific coping strategies to minimize uncertainty at different stages of their decision-making in order to foster resilient decision-making to effectively manage a high-risk critical incident. The presented model extends the existing research on coping with uncertainty by (1) applying the RAWFS heuristic (Lipshitz and Strauss in Organ Behav Human Decis Process 69:149–163, 1997) of individual decision-making under uncertainty to a team critical incident decision-making domain; (2) testing the use of various coping strategies during “in situ” team decision-making by using a live simulated hostage negotiation exercise; and (3) including an additional coping strategy (“reflection-in-action”; Schön in The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Temple Smith, London, 1983) that aids naturalistic team decision-making. The data for this study were derived from a videoed strategic command meeting held within a simulated live hostage training event; these video data were coded along three themes: (1) decision phase; (2) uncertainty management strategy; and (3) decision implemented or omitted. Results illustrate that, when assessing dynamic and high-risk situations, teams of police officers cope with uncertainty by relying on “reduction” strategies to seek additional information and iteratively update these assessments using “reflection-in-action” (Schön 1983) based on previous experience. They subsequently progress to a plan formulation phase and use “assumption-based reasoning” techniques in order to mentally simulate their intended courses of action (Klein et al. 2007), and identify a preferred formulated strategy through “weighing the pros and cons” of each option. In the unlikely event that uncertainty persists to the plan execution phase, it is managed by “reduction” in the form of relying on plans and standard operating procedures or by “forestalling” and intentionally deferring the decision while contingency planning for worst-case scenarios.     

A mathematical model for platinum/ PTFE/porous nickel fuel cell oxygen diffusion electrodes

This paper describes the cylindrical agglomerate model for oxygen/alkali gas diffusion electrodes fabricated from platinum, PTFE and porous nickel. Corrections for the increase in hydroxyl ion concentration with increasing current density have been made to the original model of Brown and Horve. Changes in performance by variation of the bulk structural parameters, e.g. agglomerate radius, porosity and tortuosity, have been studied. Theoretical modes of electrode decay have been explored.List of symbols Transfer coefficient - C Concentration of O₂ in elec trolyte mol cm^–3 - C _i Concentration of O₂ atr = R mol cm^–3 - C _o Concentration of O₂ in electrolyte atr = mol cm^–3 - Diffusion coefficient of O₂ in KOH cm² sec^–1 - Film thickness cm - E Overpotential of the electrode V - F Faraday's constant - i Electrode current density A cm^–2 - i _a Current per agglomerate A - I ₁(Z) First order Bessel function - I ₀(Z) Zero order Bessel function - j Local current density A cm^–2 - j _o Exchange current density A cm^–2 - L Agglomerate length (catalyst thickness) cm - N Number of electrons in rate determining step - N _a Number of agglomerates per cm² of electrode - Potential drop along ag glomerate V - _L Potential drop at L_a V - r Radial direction - R Radius of agglomerate cm - R _o Gas constant - Density of platinum g cm^–3 - S _g Surface area per gram cm² g^–1 - Solubility coefficient of O₂ mol cm^–3 - _m Electrolyte conductivity (ohm cm)^–1 - T Absolute temperature °K - _a Axial tortuosity - Porosity of platinum in the agglomerate - _r Aadial tortuosity of the agglomerate - W Catalyst loading g cm^–2 - x Axial direction     

Dynamic equivalent method of interconnected power systems with consideration of motor loads

The existing equivalent methods usually only deal with static load models and neglect the dynamic characteristics of loads such as induction motors.This paper presents a dynamic equivalent method which considers motor dynamics.At first,the clustering criterion of motor loads is given.The motors with similar dynamic characteristics are classified into one group.Then,reduction of motors in the same group is carried out.Finally,parameters of the equivalent motor are calculated and the equivalent system is thus...     

简易放顶煤工作面瓦斯综合治理技术

不稳定煤层采用单体液压支柱放顶煤开采技术,无疑是一种高效采煤方法。由于工作面采高大、单产高,且底层落煤与顶层放煤同时进行或工序间隔时间短,相应的采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量明显增大,采空区上部和工作面上方顶煤裂隙中易形成瓦斯积聚,从而严重威胁工作面的安全生产。本文通过分析简易放顶煤采煤工作面各生产工艺中瓦斯涌出规律,提出并实施有效的针对性综合瓦斯治理技术措施,实现了工作面的安全生产。     

注氮惰化窒息燃烧煤炭氧浓度的实验研究

利用煤炭自燃实验系统,对龙固煤矿7煤煤样的自燃过程进行了模拟实验.实验研究了注氮情况下的煤氧化煤温、自燃状态与氧含量的变化关系,确定了龙固煤矿7煤煤样窒息的最低氧浓度,研究结果对使用注氮防治煤炭自燃技术的应用具有重要的现实指导意义.     

Investigation on film cooling characteristics from a row of converging slot-holes on flat plate

Experimental and numerical researches were conducted to investigate the cooling performance of a single row of consoles (converging slot-hole) on a large-scale flat-plate model. The results show that the coolant flow from a row of consoles shows good lateral uniformity of adiabatic effectiveness, with regions of slightly enhanced cooling occurring between the consoles. For the console cooling geometry, the interaction between coolant jet from inclined console and the mainstream flow results in reasonable vo...     

SA-213T91/G102异种钢接头的焊材选用

对三种焊条焊接的SA－213T91与G102异种接头的组织与性能进行了对比性试验研究，认为对于电站锅炉中的这类接头焊接，采用R417作为焊材较为理想。