A new region of conservation is defined between human and mouse X chromosomes

Comparative mapping of the X chromosome in eutherian mammals has revealed distinct regions of conservation as well as evolutionary rearrangements between human and mouse. Recently, we and others mapped the murine homologue of CLCN4 (Chloride channel 4) to band F4 of the X chromosome in Mus spretus but to chromosome 7 in laboratory strains. We now report the mapping of the murine homologues of APXL (Apical protein Xenopus laevis-like) and OA1 (Ocular albinism type I), two genes that are located on the human X chromosome at band p22. 3 and in close proximity to CLCN4. Interestingly, Oa1 and Apxl map to bands F2-F3 in both M. spretus and the laboratory strain C57BL/6J, defining a new rearrangement between human and mouse X chromosomes.     

Effects of support++ loads and stimulation of CNS on functional activity of somatotrops and thyreocytes in suspended rats

A total of 3305 ill children and adults treated for skeletal diseases and lesions underwent primary and follow-up radiation studies. Patients with spinal diseases amounted to 72%, of them 58% were found to have neurological diseases, 28% had articular diseases. The examination of patients involved X-ray tomography, contrast myelotomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical and laboratory verifications of the diagnosis were made in 53% of adults and 78.5% of children. It is shown that there are difficulties in diagnosing and differentiating osteoarticular tuberculosis at present and X-ray tomography and contrast myelography are essential in diagnosing spinal diseases. Indications for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, osteoscintigraphy and the sequence of their use in the diagnosis of diseases were defined. The paper emphasizes that an osteoarticulogist's assessment of complex data of radiation diagnosis is very important.     

Effect of capsulorhexis diameter on glare disability

PURPOSE: To determine whether the diameter of the anterior capsulorhexis has an effect on postoperative glare. SETTING: Sapir Medical Center, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel. METHODS: Forty patients had extracapsular cataract extraction (manual or phacoemulsification) through an intact continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of various sizes. The CCC diameter was measured and the opacity of the anterior and posterior capsules was evaluated before and after dilation of the pupils. Glare test (Miller-Nadler glare tester) was performed with the eyelid in a normal position and after lid elevation. RESULTS: The diameter of the CCC ranged from 3.50 to 7.00 mm (mean 4.87 mm). The anterior capsule was always opaque in the area of contact with the IOL material. None was graded clear; 60% were graded as +3. Mean glare disability prior to pupil dilation was 12.1 +/- 8.8 (SD) and after dilation, 17.3 +/- 9.7. There was no correlation between glare disability and the diameter of the capsulorhexis, the width of the exposed opacified capsular ring, or the grading of capsule opacification (anterior and posterior). Dilation of the pupil significantly increased glare disability (P = .016), unrelated to CCC diameter. CONCLUSION: A CCC larger than 3.5 mm does not induce significant glare.     

Presence of intestinal, liver and heart/adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein types in the liver of a chimaera fish

Exact tests of equivalence and efficacy with a non-zero lower bound based on two independent binomial proportions for comparative trials are proposed. These exact tests are desirable for studies with small sample sizes. They generalize classical methods to include testing of null hypotheses of prespecified differences and can be used to demonstrate a new treatment's efficacy or its equivalence to a standard treatment. The proposed exact tests use unconditional distributions of the test statistics. Variances of test statistics are estimated via a constrained maximum likelihood method (Farrington and Manning). Data from oncology and vaccine clinical trials are used to illustrate the exact tests.