全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4002篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 32篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
化学工业 | 421篇 |
金属工艺 | 57篇 |
机械仪表 | 75篇 |
建筑科学 | 65篇 |
矿业工程 | 11篇 |
能源动力 | 50篇 |
轻工业 | 437篇 |
水利工程 | 23篇 |
石油天然气 | 7篇 |
无线电 | 204篇 |
一般工业技术 | 400篇 |
冶金工业 | 1958篇 |
原子能技术 | 37篇 |
自动化技术 | 298篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 93篇 |
2009年 | 83篇 |
2008年 | 107篇 |
2007年 | 91篇 |
2006年 | 57篇 |
2005年 | 70篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 64篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 97篇 |
1998年 | 567篇 |
1997年 | 300篇 |
1996年 | 244篇 |
1995年 | 153篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 143篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 56篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 29篇 |
1977年 | 88篇 |
1976年 | 142篇 |
1975年 | 25篇 |
1972年 | 28篇 |
1971年 | 20篇 |
1970年 | 25篇 |
排序方式: 共有4077条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
PA Smanik KY Ryu KS Theil EL Mazzaferri SM Jhiang 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,138(8):3555-3558
The active iodide uptake of the thyroid gland in humans is mediated by the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS). In this report, we show that hNIS expression was detected primarily in thyroid tissue, but also in breast, colon, and ovary tissues. Expression of hNIS is greatly reduced in thyroid tumors compared to normal thyroid tissue. Among tumor tissues, hNIS expression appears to be variable, consistent with the variable response to radioiodide treatment observed for thyroid carcinomas. The coding region of hNIS is interrupted by 14 introns, and the nucleotide sequence of each exon-intron junction is reported. Using this information, an alternatively spliced form of hNIS was identified. Finally, the chromosome location of the hNIS gene was mapped to chromosome 19p. 相似文献
33.
34.
Inflammation in nasal and airway tissue caused by allergens, microbial infection, and air pollution are likely to be regulated by inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelial cells. We have therefore investigated the baseline expression of a number of cytokine genes known to be important inducers and modulators of inflammation, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelium. Cells were obtained by superficial scraping of turbinate tissue, and cDNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was reverse-transcribed directly from lysates of 3 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(3) epithelial cells using random hexamers. Constitutive expression of relatively high levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA but undetectable levels (< 1 mRNA copy/cell) of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA were found after PCR amplification of the cDNA. IL-8 protein, but not IL-6, was identified in the nasal epithelial cells by immunocytochemistry. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or stimulation of nasal epithelium for 4 h with TNF or IL-1 in vitro resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA expression but not in the expression of detectable levels of mRNA for the other cytokines. IL-8 was secreted by RSV-, IL-1-, and TNF-stimulated as well as unstimulated nasal epithelial cells after 6 to 20 h of culture. Neither IL-6, GM-CSF, nor TNF activity/immunoreactivity was detectable in the culture supernatants. Thus, it appears that IL-8 is a major cytokine of human nasal epithelium, constitutively expressed and readily secreted upon virus infection or stimulation with IL-1 and TNF. 相似文献
35.
OBJECTIVES: Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting presents unique challenges for myocardial preservation. The purpose of this study was to compare oxygenated blood cardioplegia with oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia during reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting using transesophageal echocardiography to assess regional wall motion of the left ventricle before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Sixty-one patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively randomized to receive oxygenated blood cardioplegia or oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia delivered with a combined antegrade-retrograde technique. Transgastric short axis views of the left ventricle were made with transesophageal echocardiography during the operation before cardiopulmonary bypass and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Regional wall motion was graded by a blinded observer, and before cardiopulmonary bypass scores were compared with after cardiopulmonary bypass scores. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the change in regional wall motion score from before cardiopulmonary bypass to after cardiopulmonary bypass between the blood and crystalloid cardioplegia groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found blood and crystalloid cardioplegia to be equally efficacious for myocardial preservation during reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting. 相似文献
36.
AH Enk J Saloga D Becker M Mohamadzadeh J Knop 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,179(4):1397-1402
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is released during the induction phase of contact sensitivity and was shown in prior functional studies to convert epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) from potent inducers of primary immune responses to specifically tolerizing cells in vitro. To investigate whether IL-10 also subserves the function of a tolerizing agent in vivo ears of BALB/c or C3H mice were injected intradermally with 1-2 micrograms of recombinant mouse (rm)IL-10 8 h before epicutaneous application of 3% trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB; a contact allergen). As a control, mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline or IL-10 plus neutralizing amounts of anti-IL-10 mAb. 5 d later, mice were challenged with 1% TNCB on contralateral ears and ear swelling response was measured 24 h later. Whereas control-treated mice showed a normal ear swelling response to epicutaneous challenge (delta mm-2 = 25 +/- 5), ear swelling response of IL-10-treated animals was significantly inhibited (delta mm-2 = 3 +/- 2). Coinjection of IL-10-specific mAb together with rmIL-10 completely abrogated this effect. To differentiate between a state of nonresponsiveness and induction of tolerance by IL-10, mice initially treated with IL-10 and TNCB were resensitized with 3% TNCB in the absence of any treatment after 14 d of rest (group 1). Again mice were challenged 5 d later and ear swelling responses were tested. Whereas control mice treated with allergen alone (group 2) showed a good swelling response (delta mm-2 = 28 +/- 6), IL-10-treated mice (group 1) showed a minimal response towards application of allergen (delta mm-2 = 4 +/- 2). To show that anergy induction by IL-10 was antigen-specific, mice initially treated with IL-10 plus TNCB were exposed to 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) 14 d later (group 1). After challenge with 0.1% DNFB, IL-10-treated mice showed an ear swelling response (delta mm-2 = 13 +/- 3; group 1) similar to that of control mice only sensitized with DNFB (delta mm-2 = 14 +/- 3; group 3). In an attempt to show the induction of antigen-specific tolerance in these mice in vitro, regional lymph nodes of mice initially treated with TNCB plus IL-10 (group 1) and control-treated mice (groups 2 and 3) were prepared and cultured in the presence of TNBS, dinitrobenzene sulfonate (DNBS), or medium to measure antigen-specific proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
37.
The Mono Mac 6 (MM6) human monocytic cell line was evaluated with the established J774 murine macrophage cell line to ascertain its effectiveness in determining the intracellular activities of antimycobacterial drugs. Cells were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and treated with drug concentrations corresponding to the MICs, as well as to threefold higher than and threefold less than the MICs. Changes in CFU were compared after 7 days to determine significant differences between treated and nontreated groups. The results suggest that MM6 will make a useful model for testing the intracellular activities of antituberculosis drugs. 相似文献
38.
The effects of not breastfeeding on mortality due to diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children under 2 years of age were examined using data from a 1988-1991 longitudinal study of 9,942 children in Metro Cebu, The Philippines. Cox regression methods were used to study the magnitude of the risks, possible interactions with birth weight and nutritional status, and the effect of additional confounding factors. Not breastfeeding had a greater effect on diarrheal mortality than on ALRI mortality. In the first 6 months of life, failing to initiate breastfeeding or ceasing to breastfeed resulted in an 8- to 10-fold increase in the rate of diarrheal mortality. The rate of mortality associated with both ALRI and diarrhea was increased nearly six times by not breastfeeding, but the rate of ALRI mortality alone was not increased. The data also suggested that the risk of mortality associated with not breastfeeding was greater for low birth weight infants and infants whose mothers had little formal education. After age 6 months, the protective effects of breastfeeding dropped dramatically. These findings underscore the importance of promoting breastfeeding, especially during the first 6 months of life, and of targeting high risk groups such as low birth weight babies and those of low socioeconomic status. 相似文献
39.
F. Goschenhofer J. Gerschütz A. Pfeuffer-Jeschke R. Hellmig C. R. Becker G. Landwehr 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(6):532-535
N-type Hg1−xCdxTe layers with x values of 0.3 and 0.7 have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy using iodine in the form of CdI2 as a dopant. Carrier concentrations up to 1.1 × 1018 cm−3 have been achieved for x = 0.7 and up to 7.6 × 1017 cm−3 for x=0.3. The best low temperature mobilities are 460 cm2/(Vs) and 1.2 × 105 cm2/(Vs) for x=0.7 and x=0.3, respectively. Using CdI2 as the dopant modulation doped HgTe quantum well structures have been grown. These structures display very pronounced Shubnikov-de
Haas oscillations and quantum Hall plateaus. Electron densities in the 2D electron gas in the HgTe quantum well could be varied
from 1.9 × 1011 cm−2 up to 1.4 × 1012 cm−2 by adjusting the thicknesses of the spacer and doped layer. Typical mobilities of the 2D electron gas are of the order of
5.0 × 104 cm2/(Vs) with the highest value being 7.8 × 104 cm2/(Vs). 相似文献
40.
This paper addresses stochastic correlative learning as the basis for a broadly defined class of statistical learning algorithms known collectively as the algorithm of pattern extraction (ALOPEX) family. Starting with the neurobiologically motivated Hebb's rule, the two conventional forms of the ALOPEX algorithm are derived, followed by a modified variant designed to improve the convergence speed. We next describe two more elaborate versions of the ALOPEX algorithm, which incorporate particle filtering that exemplifies a form of Monte Carlo simulation, to exchange computational complexity for an improved convergence and tracking behavior. In support of the different forms of the ALOPEX algorithm developed herein, we present three different experiments using synthetic and real-life data on binocular fusion of stereo images, on-line prediction, and system identification. 相似文献