In situ reflectance measurements and TM data of some sedimentary rocks with emphasis on white sandstone,southwestern Sinai,Egypt

This work presents the results of in situ reflectance measurements and Landsat-TM data analysis for some sedimentary rocks exposed in southwestern Sinai. Particular emphasis was given to white sandstone. In situ reflectance measurements were carried out in four selected sites (Musaba Salama, Abu Natash, El Dehisa and Abu Qafas areas) to define the distinctive surface reflectance patterns caused by the abundance of silicates, carbonates, clay minerals and iron oxides in white sandstone and other sedimentary rock types (clay, kaolin, limestone and dolomite). Moreover, in situ measured radiometric data were used to establish the theoretical basis for lithological discrimination.

Enhanced band ratios (2/3, 3/4, 4/5 and 5/7) and colour stretched ratio composite (2/3, 3/4 and 5/7) of the TM data 25 January 1984 of the Musaba Salama area were utilized to identify rocks rich in silicates and thereby to distinguish the white sandstone. The results demonstrated that the processed TM data can be used reliably in arid regions to distinguish white sandstone from other sandstone varieties as well as other rock types (limestone, dolomite, kaolin and shale).     

Effect of Drug Solubility in Wet Granulation Fluids on the Dissolution Rates of the Resulting Tablets

One factor in wet granulation processes which affects dissolution rates of the final tablets is shown to be the solubility of the drug substance in the granulating liquid. The relationship is not a direct correlation and a feasible explanation is offered.     

Aspects of Packaging from NDA <- IND

The strategic decisions regarding package stability in an NDA should be thought out even before the IND stage (hence the inversion of the order of the words NDA and IND in the title). The philosophy of clinical blister packaging is discussed as are the tests necessary to ensure perfection of seal. The principles of molecular and pinhole moisture permeation are discussed. Suggested fractional factorial schemes for package testing are presented     

TOXICITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF MACE OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS USED IN MOROCCAN GASTRONOMY: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL IMPACT

The aril of the plant Myristica fragrans is one of the most broadly used spices in Moroccan gastronomy. This research demonstrated its antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. Likewise, its toxicity was investigated on Swiss albino mice. Mice were treated orally with 0.003 and 0.3 mg/day during 7 days. Plasmatic markers and antioxidant defense systems were assessed and histological alterations evaluated. Our results showed a significant increase in creatine phosphokinase level. The microscopic evaluation showed that mace induces morphological perturbation in mice's liver. The results also showed an inhibitory effect of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an important increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, succinate dehydrogenase activities and no change in catalase activities. All of these results show that M. fragrans at 0.3 mg/g in mice affects energy metabolism and oxidative stress.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Mace can be used as a natural antioxidant and preservative in the food industry to increase the shelf life of foodstuffs.     

Water and salt permeability of reinforcement polymer‐gel composite membrane

The charged mosaic polymer membrane (CMM) without reinforcement and the composite charged mosaic polymer membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement were investigated in terms of salt and water transport (permeability). The composite charged mosaic polymer membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement showed a unique transport behavior such as preferential material transport L_p and ω. Water permeability coefficient, L_p and salt permeability coefficient, ω were estimated by taking account of active layer thickness of composite polymer gel. The L_p and ω values of CCMM with reinforcement were larger than those of CMM without reinforcement. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient of CCMM, σ, showed negative value, which suggested preferential material transport to solvent transport. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Effect of functional group of ferrocene redox substance on the transport properties of newly designed ion exchange membrane prepared from polymer gel

A different newly designed cationic exchange polymer membrane and anionic exchange polymer membrane were introduced, and also the transport properties of these polymeric membranes were investigated in this study. The transport properties of these polymer membranes in contact with ferrocene redox derivatives were estimated by using electrochemical techniques such as cyclicvoltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. The used ferrocene redox substances, which have different functional groups, were (Ferrocenylmethyl) trimethylamonium iodide, FcMA, Ferrocenedimethanol, FcDM, and Ferrocene carboxylic acid, FcCA. It indicated that the performance of a membrane depended on the content of polymer gel, anionic exchange polymer site (20 wt % and 50 wt %) or cationic polymer exchange site (20 wt % and 50 wt %), and the efficiency of the functional groups of cationic and anionic exchange polymer site as well. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Poliomyelitis outbreak in Israel, 1950-1

The epidemicity of poliomyelitis in Israel since 1950 is reviewed, and the influence of the mass immigration which took place between 1948 and 1952 is discussed. Age distribution and attack-rates among Arabs, among Jewish population-groups originating in different countries, and among old residents and new immigrants, are examined. It is suggested that the change from endemicity to epidemicity of the disease may have been due to general overcrowding during the pre-epidemic period, and to enhanced circulation of virus (type 1), and a resulting increase in its pathogenicity.     

Interkey timing in piano performance and typing

In typing, when the fingers executing two successive movements are on the same hand, the time between keystrokes is longer than when the fingers are on different hands. Biomechanical limitations of the hands are thought to account for this difference. The generality of this finding was explored by investigating skilled pianists' performance of two successive notes. Experiment 1 failed to find comparable differences in timing as a function of the hands involved. Experiment 2, employing both a piano production and a typing task, replicated the previous piano performance results, and revealed that the timing differences in typing were limited to letter sequences requiring fore-aft and lateral finger movements. Experiment 3 extended this finding to piano performance. Together, these findings clarify the nature of biomechanical constraints on skilled manual performance.     

Effect of Particle Shape on Some Bulk Solids Properties

Apparent densities have been measured of glass beads of various shapes, to study the effect of the shaped factor on bad porosity. It was found that the porostiy was ilnerly realted to the shape factor. The densites were carried out in graduates of different diameters to study the wall effect. It was found that the porosity (εe) is a function of gradute diameter (D) by a function of the type; in[εe-Q] = - kD + q, where Q is the samllest porosity under the pouring and shaking condtions.