单一失效机理引起的元器件贮存寿命评价方法研究

电子元器件长期贮存过程发生的失效是由多种失效机理共同作用的结果．以器件贮存寿命整体为基础的寿命评价难度很大。选择对器件贮存寿命影响最大的单一失效机理．以失效物理为基础．通过高加速应力试验进行寿命评价研究,获得的寿命可以较准确地反映器件真实的贮存寿命。单一失效机理贮存寿命的研究是元器件贮存可靠性工作的重要内容。     

挠性电路板引脚嵌合部无铅镀层的锡须生长

以民用挠性印制电路板(FPC)引脚和连接器嵌合部无铅镀层为对象,通过研究引脚上的Ni/Sn无铅镀层的显微形貌和锡须尺寸,探讨了Ni/Sn无铅镀层的长期可靠性。结果表明,在25℃,RH为45%～55%的条件下,挠性印制电路板引脚和连接器嵌合部无铅镀层上生长的锡须呈现针状、柱状等多种不同的显微形貌,其中大部分是针状锡须,少量针状锡须的长度已超过了50μm临界值,很可能因锡须桥接引起电流泄漏和短路,对FPC互连可靠性产生威胁。抑制少量超长的针状晶须的生长,是防止风险的关键。     

高温正向栅电流下Ti/Pt/Au栅SiC MESFET的栅退化机理

SiC MESFET器件的性能强烈依赖于栅肖特基结的特性,而栅肖特基接触的稳定性直接影响其可靠性.针对SiC MESFET器件在微波频率的应用中射频过驱动导致高栅电流密度的现象,设计了两种栅极大电流的条件,观察栅肖特基接触和器件特性的变化,并通过对试验数据的分析,确定了栅的寄生并联电阻的缓慢退化是导致栅肖特基结和器件特性退化,甚至器件烧毁失效的主要原因.     

Conversion of proparathyroid hormone to parathyroid hormone: studies in vitro with trypsin

The conversion of proparathyroid hormone to parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studied in vitro employing pancreatic trypsin as a prototype converting enzyme. Digestion of intact radiolabeled bovine prohormone with trypsin (0.1%) (w/w) resulted in release of a peptide comigrating with intact hormone marker in systems resolving both on the basis of charge (urea polyacrylamide gels, pH 4.4) and size (sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels, pH 7.2). Tryptic digestions of a synthetic analogue of bovine prohormone, ProPTH-(-6 + 34), consisting of the prohormone hexapeptide covalently bonded to the NIH2 terminus of the active fragment of the hormone, released in high yield the hexapeptide and the intact active hormone fragment before any other smaller fragments. Analyses of digestions were by: (i) thin-layer chromatography and amino acid analysis of digestion products; (ii) comparison of the biological activity of the prophormone substrate and the products of digestion; and (iii) peptide end-group analysis by the Edman method during progressive tryptic hydrolysis over 22 h. The latter experiments demonstrated cleavage of more than 75% of the hexapeptide-hormone peptide bond before cleavage of other trypsin-sensitive sites within the molecule. It is concluded that the specificity of cleavage at the hexapeptide-hormone bond in the process of intracellular hydrolysis of proparathyroid hormone resides primarily in the sequence and/or conformation of the precursor molecule; inasmuch as conversion of prohormone to hormone can be efficiently accomplished by pancreatic trypsin in vitro, there is, therefore, no need to postulate the existence of an intracellular converting enzyme within the parathyroid cell that possesses unique hydrolytic specificity.     

Role of incomplete dietary protein in experimental formation of gallstones

The influence exerted by the quality of alimentary protein on the composition of the secreted bile, morphology of the liver and gallbladder, as well as on the formation of gallstones was studied in experiments with rats and hamsters. It is shown that with inclusion in an experimental fat-free ration of qualitatively incomplete protein gelatin (instead of caseine) the frequency of the gallstones formation increases by almost 6 times. In animals this is attended by a reduced concentration of a number of major bile components. Upon feeding for 2 weeks on lithogenic ration with gelatin morphological investigations disclose inflammatory changes in the gallbladder wall, and after a lapse of 3 weeks--multiple exulcerations in the mucosa and a dense gross sediment in the gallbladder lumen.     

卷烟信息网络防伪系统的构建及应用

介绍了卷烟信息网络防伪管理系统构建原理、技术特点和功能 ,及其在烟草行业中的应用。     

超滤浓缩制备南瓜果胶的工艺研究

采用超滤浓缩后乙醇沉淀的方法制备南瓜果胶.通过单因素试验,确定优化超滤条件为:超滤膜截留分子量50 kD,压力0.08 MPa,温度25 ℃,溶液pH 7.0;在该条件下,将南瓜果胶提取液浓缩至原体积1/5,再加入80%乙醇溶液沉淀果胶并洗涤果胶1次,所得的南瓜果胶纯度为80.08%,得率为8.50%,凝胶度为120.25,酯化度为31.82,干燥失重为4.26%,总灰分为3.22%,半乳糖醛酸为88.10%,pH为2.7,铅及砷含量分别为1.2 mg/kg和0.036 mg/kg,各项指标均达到国家质量标准QB 2484--2000.     

点阴极电场辅助阳极连接中的紧密接触面积和电流

用等效电路的方法研究了点阴极情况下的电场辅助阳极连接效应，计算了连接电流，连接孕育期和紧密接触面积，本文结果表明，连接初期电流迅速衰减，随后缓慢变小，直至某一稳定值，孕育期随温度上升指数下降，连接温度高时，孕育期将难以观察到；待连接表面之间紧密接触面积随时间延长而非线性扩展，紧密接触区域增大时，其边界向外推进速度渐小，而接触面积增加渐快。     

Technological strategies to improve photostability of a sunscreen agent

Due to the reduction of the ozone layer, there is an increasing need of effective UV protection systems with minimized side-effects. Trans-2-ethylhexyl- p -methoxycinnamate ( trans -EHMC) represents one of the most widely used sunscreen compound. Several studies demonstrated that trans -EHMC is unstable following UV irradiation both in solution and in emulsion formulations. Moreover, various reports of photocontact sensitization induced by trans -EHMC have appeared in the literature. Consequently, in order to ensure adequate efficacy and safety for this sunscreen agent, there is a need for new carrier systems to enhance trans -EHMC photostability. In the present study the photostability of the filter in different formulation types (emulsion–gel, gel and emulsion) with various ingredients is evaluated. In addition, nanoparticles based on poly- D , L -lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) as carrier for trans -EHMC are investigated. The influence of nanoparticle matrix on the photochemical stability of the sunscreen agent is also presented. The results obtained demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles are effective in reducing the light-induced degradation of the sunscreen agent. Moreover, the choice of formulation type and the excipients used play an important role in order to obtain a stable cosmetic product containing trans -EHMC.     

GaAs器件和MMIC的失效分析

从可靠性物理的角度,分析引起砷化镓（GaAs）器件和单片微波集成电路（MMIC）退化或失效的主要失效模式及其失效机理,明确了GaAsMMIC的可靠性问题主要表现为有源器件、无源器件和环境因素等引入了损伤退化,并针对几种常见的失效原因：过电烧毁、静电损伤、器件分层、设计和工艺缺陷等进行举例分析,为生产和使用过程中控制其主要的失效模式及失效机理提供参考和依据。