An open trial of lisinopril (''ZESTRIL'') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria

The concept of transcultural nursing is relatively new to the nursing literature. It had been less than 30 years since Madeleine Leininger first began to develop a theory of transcultural nursing as part of a doctoral study in anthropology. Much has changed in that time, and nursing staff development and inservice educators need to provide educational offerings within a multicultural context in a timely manner. Cultural diversity is the standard in the mid-1990s, and those nursing staff development programs that are sensitive to this fact produce employees with advantages over those from settings that do not prepare staff for practice in a constantly changing world. This annotated bibliography about transcultural nursing details key references for staff development and inservice programs. It is not intended as an exhaustive review but rather focuses on the most relevant, timely, and useful of the ever increasing number of publications concerning this important subject. Six major books and four of the most pertinent recent journal articles are included. Conclusions and implications for nursing staff educators are offered.     

MOS器件的X射线辐照效应

研究了在10keVX射线辐照情况下，MOS器件的阈值电压随总剂量和剂量率的改变而变化的趋势。实验结果表明，辐照后，与用Co^60作为辐射源辐照所做实验结果明显不同的是，NMOS器件的阈值电压漂移幅度远大于PMOS器件的漂移幅度。文中对这种现象进行了讨论。     

Depression in Parkinson's disease is not accompanied by more corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

BACKGROUND: Depression is frequently encountered in Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, more than half of the PD patients have a disturbed dexamethasone suppression test, which is associated with increased activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. We recently found an increase in CRH neuron number, CRH-messenger RNA, and vasopressin colocalization in CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of depressed patients, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. METHODS: The number of neurons expressing CRH was determined in the PVN of 6 depressed PD patients with a high score (> or = 13) on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 6 nondepressed PD patients, and 6 controls. RESULTS: The three groups did not differ in the number of neurons expressing CRH. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that activation of CRH neurons in the PVN, as we recently observed in idiopathic depression, does not play an essential role in depression in PD.     

Relationships of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae) estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology

DNA sequences from parts of the 12S, 16S and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes, which totalled 1049 aligned base pairs, were used to estimate the relationships of 49 species of Lacertidae, including representatives of 19 out of the 23 recognized genera and 23 species of the paraphyletic genus Lacerta. These data were used, together with morphological information, to estimate the relationships within the family. Molecular evidence corroborates the monophyletic status of many genera and species groups originally based on morphology. It indicates that Psammodromus forms a clade with Gallotia, which is the sister taxon of all other lacertids. These comprise three units: the primarily Afrotropical armatured group; the largely Oriental Takydromus; and the west Palaearctic Lacerta and its derivatives, Podarcis and Algyroides. Morphology also supports the first three assemblages, but suggests that they are derived from a paraphyletic Lacerta. Within Lacerta and its allies, DNA sequence analysis corroborates the affinity of some members of each of the subgenera Lacerta s. str. and Timon, and of the L. saxicola group. It also supports the relationship of L. monticola, L. bonnali and L. horvathi, and suggests that the L. parva--L. fraasi clade and L. brandli are not related to Psammodromus Gallotia, as morphology indicates, but instead are associated respectively with the L. danfordi and L. saxicola groups. DNA sequence data provide additional evidence that the eastern Arabian 'Lacerta' jayakari and 'L.' cyanura are members of the armatured clade and also sister species. Our analysis supports an origin for present lacertids in west Eurasia. The armatured clade invaded Africa, probably in the mid-Miocene, spreading widely and evolving increasingly xeric-adapted forms, one lineage of which later moved back into the Palaearctic. 'Lacerta' jayakari and 'L.' cyanura are assigned to Omanosaura, Lutz and Mayer 1986. The name Gallotiinae Cano, Baez, Lopez-Jurado & Ortega, 1984 is available for the Gallotia-Psammodromus clade, Eremiainae Shcherbak 1975 for the armatured clade and Lacertinae for Lacerta, Podarcis and Algyroides. Two new subgenera of Lacerta are proposed here: Caucasilacerta for L. saxicola and its allies, and Parvilacerta for L. parva and L. fraasi.     

形势要求机床工具工业必须加快增长方式的转型(一)

1999年以来，我国国民生产总值持续快速稳定增长。表1是这期间国民生产总值增长情况。     

Cytoprotective effects of adrenomedullin in glomerular cell injury: central role of cAMP signaling pathway

Activation of cAMP signaling pathway was shown to inhibit some pathobiologic processes in mesangial cells (MC). We investigated whether adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent agonist of adenylate cyclase, is synthesized in MC and whether it can, via cAMP, suppress the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and proliferation of cells in glomeruli. With the use of an immunohistologic technique ADM was detected in mesangial and microvascular areas of rat glomeruli. MC grown in primary culture synthesized ADM, and the synthesis was stimulated by TNF alpha and IL-1 beta but not by PDGF and EGF. ADM inhibited ROM generation in MC dose-dependently and caused in situ activation of protein kinase A (PKA). In macrophages (cell line J774) ROM generation was about four times higher than in MC and was inhibited by ADM in a similar way as in MC. The rate of MC proliferation, measured by [3H]-incorporation, and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by PDGF and EGF were dose-dependently inhibited by ADM; the maximum inhibition (at 10 nM ADM) was about -80%. Mitogenesis of MC and MAPK activity when stimulated to a similar extent by endothelin (ET-1) was inhibited by ADM to a significantly (P < 0.01) lesser degree (-30%). Further, ADM inhibited PDF-stimulated mitogenesis and activation of MAPK in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The inhibition of PDGF-activated MAPK by ADM in VSMC was reversed by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. Taken together, results indicate the adrenomedullin (ADM) generated in mesangial cells (MC) can suppress, via activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) generation in MC and infiltrating macrophages as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated mitogenesis in MC and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We suggest that introglomerular ADM may serve as a cytoprotective autoacoid that suppresses pathobiologic processes evoked by immuno-inflammatory injury of glomeruli.     

稳峰技术研究及其应用

研究内嵌~(241)Amα源的NaI探测器在不同工作环境下,所测排放气体中的γ放射性核素能谱的漂移趋势,通过改变探测器的工作温度及工作电压等实验,探索所测能谱的漂移规律,并运用合适的软硬件电路来实现能谱的稳峰功能。这种稳峰技术确保了所测γ放射性核素的准确性及能谱的稳定性,使得在实际应用中能正确辨别γ放射性核素的类别,是详细分析各种放射性核素的排放浓度及排放置的前提。     

基于自相关降噪的混叠转子振动信号分离

航空发动机在运行过程中,传感器测得的振动信号是各振源的混叠信号,且含有很强的噪声。常规的信号处理方法难以分离混叠信号,对机器的健康监测和故障诊断造成了很大的困难。介绍了盲源分离基本原理和方法,指出盲源分离算法在强噪声环境下失效。针对强噪声环境下的混叠振动信号,提出首先通过时延自相关降噪方法对振动信号进行降噪,然后通过盲源分离算法对降噪后的信号分离。仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。最后,利用该方法对实测混叠转子振动信号成功实现了降噪和盲分离,为噪声环境下的混叠信号分离提供了一种新的方法。