Effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile coronary perfusion on performance of the canine left ventricle

This study compares the effect of pulsatile (Group C, Fib/P) and nonpulsatile (Group B, Fib/NP) coronary perfusion on myocardial performance during 2 hours of normothermic ventricular fibrillation. Group A (BH/NP), used as a base-line observation, consisted of 2 hours of nonpulsatile coronary perfusion in beating hearts. The assessment of ventricular performance included diastolic ventricular compliance, myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate extraction, regional myocardial blood flow, and histology. After 120 minutes of ventricular fibrillation, Group C showed normal ventricular diastolic compliance as compared to a 50 per cent decrease in Group B (p less than 0.01). Myocardial oxygen consumption was not significantly different from that in Group B. Because of a 70 per cent increase in oxygen extraction above Group B (p less than 0.05), total left ventricular myocardial blood flow was reduced (103 +/- 23 versus 260 +/- 36 ml. per 100 Gm. per minute, p less than 0.05) and had near-constant resistance. Lactate extraction was significantly greater and more stable as compared to Group B (9.28 +/- 1.33 versus 1.8 +/- 1.08, p less than 0.05). Left ventricular endocardial/epicardial flow ratio was greater in Group C (1.21 +/- 0.08 versus 1.06 +/- 0.06, p less than 0.05). Minimal subendocardial histologic changes were present as compared to the marked patchy subendocardial ischemic changes seen in Group B. The results demonstrate that the addition of pulsatile flow to coronary perfusion minimized the deleterious effects of prolonged ventricular fibrillation on myocardial performance.     

精密光栅位移传感器的若干信号处理问题研究

光栅传感器是一类精密传感器 ,在直线位移或角位移的测量中有广泛的应用。但在工业应用中 ,除各种电磁干扰外 ,还有微小机械振动产生的干扰以及温度误差等 ,使测量精度大大下降。本文提出了在后续处理电路和信号处理方法上解决这一问题 ,提高传感器精度、分辨率和抗干扰能力的综合方法 ,如分频、温度补偿、定时器飞读和计数脉冲确认机制等。在实际使用中发现 ,应用这些方法的测量系统的稳定性、抗干扰能力和精度等指标都得到提高。     

心墙坝浸润线简化计算方法

通过理论分析和数值计算,在考虑坝体与防渗墙的相对渗透系数关系的基础上,提出了估算心墙坝坝体浸润线的一种简化计算方法,给出了浸润线位置的拟合公式。以白鸭山水库大坝为例,将该简化方法与有限元法的计算结果进行对比,表明该简化方法合理、可行。这一简化计算方法可大大减少中小型水库大坝在进行除险加固方案比选时的计算工作量。     

Lubrication regime of the contact between fat and bone in bovine tissue

Fat pads are masses of encapsulated adipose tissue located throughout the human body. Whilst a number of studies describe these soft tissues anatomically little is known about their biomechanics, and surgeons may excise them arthroscopically if they hinder visual inspection of the joint or bursa. By measuring the coefficient of friction between, and performing Sommerfeld analysis of, the surfaces approximating the in vivo conjuncture, this contact has been shown to have a coefficient of friction of the order of 0.01. The system appears to be lubricated hydrodynamically, thus possibly promoting low levels of wear. It is suggested that one of the functions of fat pads associated with subtendinous bursae and synovial joints is to generate a hydrodynamic lubricating layer between the opposing surfaces.     

Airway responses in healthy and asthmatic subjects following exposure to low ambient air temperature

Agonist-activated Ca2+ entry is important in many biological responses such as secretion and cell growth(1,2). In nonexcitable cells which have no voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCC), agonist-receptor interaction can trigger Ca2+ entry across the plasmalemma via several entry pathways(1-3) (Fig 1): (A) channels which are intrinsic structures of the receptor (receptor-operated channels), (B) channels which are coupled to receptors via a G-protein (G-protein-operated channels), (C) channels which are activated by some second messengers (second-messenger-operated channels), and (D) channels which open upon intracellular nonmitochondrial Ca2+ store depletion (Ca2+ release-activated channels) resulting from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release or inhibition of Ca2+ re-uptake (see next section). Ca2+ entry via the 4th type of channel, also known as "capacitative Ca2+ entry" (CCE)[4], has aroused much interest in the past decade because of its intriguing nature as retrograde signalling. In this brief review, we present the evidence for and the possible biochemical processes involved in CCE. We also discuss the use of 2 novel Ca2+ entry blockers: tetrandrine and SK&F 96365. Emphasis will be put on the human leukemic HL-60 cell line, a popular cell system for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis studies and also a model the signal transduction of which we have been investigating during the past few years.     

Cytokines as adjuvants for ruminant vaccines

Successful vaccination against any potential pathogen is critically dependent on inducing an appropriate immune response. The pivotal role of cytokines in the immune response to vaccination suggests that non-protective responses or responses that exacerbate disease subsequent to infectious challenge may be the result of limiting or preferential production of one or a number of these mediators. This suggests that the use of recombinant cytokines as vaccine adjuvants may offer a mechanism whereby the magnitude and phenotype of the immune response to vaccination can be specifically modified. In mice, recombinant cytokines have been used extensively as therapeutics, while studies describing vaccine adjuvant activity are more limited. Recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and interferon (IFN) gamma have been used primarily to enhance humoral responses with enhanced protection assessed where appropriate. Cytokine adjuvant studies in ruminants have been restricted to recombinant ovine (rov) and bovine (rbov) IL-1 and IL-2. In sheep, their application has been optimised with respect to dose, route of delivery and formulation, for induction of humoral and cell mediated immunity (DTH and cytotoxicity) to the model protein antigen (Ag) avidin. The level of adjuvant activity of IL-1 in particular compares favourably to that of a variety of other traditional and new chemical adjuvants and detailed analysis has indicated no adverse local or systemic side-effects. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrating the effectiveness of rovIL-1 as an adjuvant in single and multi-component bacterial toxoid vaccines, and studies from other laboratories demonstrating the application of rbovIL-1 as an adjuvant for the response in cattle to live attenuated viral vaccines, suggest that rIL-1 may become the adjuvant of choice for diseases where protection is mediated by high levels of circulating antibody (Ab). With respect to helminth parasites, IL-1 may prove useful as a component of vaccines based on "hidden Ags" which rely on induction of Ab. Based on analysis in mouse models of helminth infection, other cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 may be appropriate for vaccines based on induction of mechanisms involved in natural immunity.     

管道网系的系統分析

对于不可压縮流体在一条串联管路上流动的計算,伯努利方程的应用是十分广泛而有效的。但对于具有支路网絡管道体系中流体輸送的問題,还比較缺少一套系統的分析原理和方法。 在本文中,将一般导管阻力的計算公式: 改写成对体积流量线性元件的形式:幷且引入了“全路”的槪念,即得到一組线性方程式,可以用来描写复杂管路体系的一般流动問题。把此方程組用矩陣形式表达出来,不但使列写方程組的过程中有一套明确而简便的规则可循,不易出错,而且还能便于运用电子计算机解方程组。     

Exploring the Role of Emotions in Injustice Perceptions and Retaliation.

Although organizational justice scholars often describe unfairness as an emotionally laden experience, the role of emotion is underresearched. In a study of individuals who experienced being laid off (N = 173), the authors found that outcome favorability interacts with both procedural and interactional justice to predict participants' emotions. The pattern of interaction differed for inward-focused (i.e., shame and guilt) and outward-focused (i.e., anger and hostility) negative emotions. Attributions of blame mediated the relationship between fairness perceptions and outward-focused negative emotion. Outward-focused emotion mediated the relationship between fairness perceptions and retaliation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)