On the geometric component of charge-pumping current in MOSFETs

A simple method of unambiguously determining the presence of any geometric component in a charge-pumping measurement by collecting this component at another node via a nearby junction is presented. With the method it has been possible to study the dependence of geometric components on device dimensions and various experimental conditions with unprecedented sensitivity. By effectively separating the two current contributions, this method can at the same time be used to reduce geometric components in the regular charge-pumping signal, thereby increasing the accuracy of the various implementations of the charge pumping (CP) technique     

Bestimmung niedriger Borgehalte in feuerfesten Stoffen und Stahlwerksschlacken

Anpassen des für die Stahlanalyse entwickelten photometrischen Curcuminverfahrens an die Belange der Oxidanalyse. Vergleich mit dem für die Untersuchung von Magnesitprodukten vorgeschlagenen Carminsäureverfahren sowie mit drei weiteren photometrischen Verfahren.     

The geothermal zone of lake Assal (F.T.A.I.), geochemical and experimental studies

A geothermal model of Lake Assal region (F.T.A.I.) was derived from in situ observations and chemical and isotopic studies of hot and cold springs.According to this model, the lake water supply is provided mainly by sea water infiltrating from Ghoubbet el Kharab and, for a small part, by highly mineralized hot spring water of meteoric origin.Temperatures at depth were determined by means of various methods (among them a new one). These temperatures were found to range from 150 to 170°C.A geochemical experimental study of this model is under way.     

Detachment of the continent ileostomy poucn from the anterior abdominal wall: report of two unusual cases

The cases of two patients with continent ileostomies are presented. These illustrate the problems encountered with detachment of the pouch from the abdominal wall resulting in angulation of the efferent loop of the pouch in relation to the nipple valve and difficulty intubating the pouch. Both patients required operative correction of the separation. Several suggestions are made in order to prevent or decrease the incidence of the complications. Removal of a peritoneal strip around the efferent loop of the pouch appears to facilitate adequate fixation of the pouch to the anterior abdominal wall.     

Autoantibodies before, during and after administration of recombinant interferon-alpha for chronic viral hepatitis

This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C, before, during and after interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy and to study their relation to dose and type of IFN-alpha and response to treatment. Fifty patients with chronic hepatitis were divided in two groups, a control-group of 21 patients (10 type B and 11 type C) who were followed for 6 months without treatment and an IFN-group consisting of 29 patients (8 type B and 21 type C) who received IFN therapy for 6 months. Serum samples were tested for a range of antibodies at the start of the study, during therapy and at the end of the 6 month period. Antibodies tested for included: antinuclear, smooth muscle, antimitochondrial, parietal cell and thyroid microsomal. Four (8%) of the total patient group had autoantibodies at the beginning of the study (two in each group). During the follow-up period no patient in the control group developed antibodies compared with 3 (11%) patients in the treatment group. Autoantibodies developed in patients treated with higher doses of IFN and were found in those patients who tended to show a poor response to IFN-therapy. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between poor response to IFN-alpha and development of autoantibodies.     

kDNA and rDNA sequences reveal a phylogenetic cluster of species originally placed in different genera of trypanosomatids

Hybridization using kDNA and rDNA sequences as probes was performed to study phylogenetic relatedness of different species of trypanosomatids. Using this approach, we identified five organisms which had been classified as Phytomonas and Herpetomonas that were more closely correlated to each other phylogenetically than to any other species or isolates from either genera. These findings raise doubts about the validity of the current classification of Trypanosomatidae. Finally, we demonstrated the usefulness of kDNA sequences as an alternative to genomic sequences in obtaining phylogenetic information on trypanosomatids.     

Predictors of mortality and the provision of dialysis in patients with acute tubular necrosis. The Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group

BACKGROUND: Improvement of angina pectoris symptoms after cholesterol lowering has raised questions as to the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Rabbit experiment: We compared arterial blood samples from New Zealand White cholesterol-supplemented rabbits (n = 6) with nonsupplemented rabbit samples (n = 4) in a closed-loop circulation diffusion system. The pH and partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) were measured continuously. The samples were first oxygen (O2) saturated (pO2, 160 mm Hg; pCO2, 4 mm Hg) and then desaturated in 100% nitrogen. Cholesterol levels were determined in whole blood, plasma (P Chol), red blood cells (RBCs), and RBC membranes. Human experiment: We exposed quadruple desaturated venous blood samples (n = 4) with P Chol levels of 87 to 400 mg/dL in a gas exchanger to capillary gas conditions (pO2, 23 mm Hg; pCO2, 46 mm Hg). After 15 minutes we performed blood gas analyses and compared our results to baseline values. RESULTS: In the rabbit experiment the cholesterol-supplemented group as compared to the control group showed higher plasma pO2 levels during the saturation phase and lower plasma pO2 levels during the desaturation phase. It also had a markedly increased RBC membrane cholesterol content: 121 +/- 3 (standard error of the mean [SEM]) mg/dL versus 22 +/- 1.7 mg/dL in the control group (P < .05). This barrier to RBC membrane O2 diffusion caused delayed O2 entry into the RBCs during saturation, with a higher plasma pO2, and delayed O2 release from the RBCs during desaturation, with a lower plasma pO2. In the human experiment the P Chol level was inversely correlated with the percentage change of O2 content in milliliters of O2 per deciliter of blood (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased RBC membrane cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia appears to decrease the transmembrane O2 diffusion rate.     

Indirect mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta on cell proliferation of subconjunctival fibroblasts

Single amino acid replacement analogs of Manduca adipokinetic hormone (M-AKH) pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Ser-Trp-GlyNH2 were tested for activity in bioassays as well as receptor binding assays. Amino acids were replaced by Ala and by D-analogs. In addition an extended M-AKH and analogs containing photo affinity labels were tested. All analogs had reduced activity. All the peptides which had enough activity to allow a full dose response curve reached the same maximal activity as native M-AKH. The use of analogs, in which L-Phe4 was replaced by Ala or by D-Phe and of L-Thr3 replaced by D-Thr, as competitors led to improved binding of M-AKH in our competitive receptor binding assay. In the bioassay an inactive concentration of Ala4 M-AKH increased the activity of a half optimal concentration of native M-AKH.