Effect of glutamic acid on broilers given submarginal crude protein with adequate essential amino acids using feeds high and low in potassium

A fully conjugated blood vessel network model (FCBVNM) for calculating tissue temperatures has been developed, tested, and studied. This type of model represents a more fundamental approach to modeling temperatures in tissues than do the generally used approximate equations such as the Pennes'BHTE or effective thermal conductivity equations. As such, this type of model can be used to study many important questions at a more basic level. For example, in the particular hyperthermia application studied herein, a simple vessel network model predicts that the role of counter current veins is minimal and that their presence does not significantly affect the tissue temperature profiles: the arteries, however, removed a significant fraction of the power deposited in the tissue. These more fundamental models can also be used to check the validity of approximate equations. For example, using the present simple model, when the temperatures calculated by the FCBVNM are used for comparing predictions from two approximation equations (a simple effective thermal conductivity and a simple Pennes' bio-heat transfer equation formulation of the same problem) it is found that the Pennes' equation better approximates the FCBVNM temperatures than does the k(eff) model. These results also show that the "perfusion" value (W) in the Pennes' BHTE is not necessarily equal to the "true" tissue perfusion (P) as calculated from mass flow rate considerations, but can be greater than, equal to, or less than that value depending on (1) how many vessel levels are modeled by the BHTE, and (2) the "true" tissue perfusion magnitude. This study uses a simple, generic vessel network model to demonstrate the potential usefulness of such fully conjugated vessel network models, and the associated need for developing and applying more complicated and realistic vascular network models. As more realistic vascular models (vessel sizes, orientations, and flow rates) are developed, the predictions of the fully conjugated models should more closely model and approach the true tissue temperature distributions, thus making these fully conjugated models more accurate and valuable tools for studying tissue heat transfer processes.     

Extremity lawn-mower injuries in children: report by the Research Committee of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America

We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding a novel acidic protein of MW 55,000 that we designated "myocilin" since it has homology to myosin and is localized preferentially in the ciliary rootlet and basal body of the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of human myocilin showed significant homologies with nonmuscle myosin of Dictyostelium discoideum in the N-terminal region and also with olfactomedin of bullfrog in the C-terminal region. Myocilin contained a leucine zipper-like motif similar to that seen in kinectin and other cytoskeletal proteins. These findings suggest that myocilin is a novel cytoskeletal protein involved in the morphogenesis of ciliated neuroepithelium such as photoreceptor cells. The myocilin gene (MYOC) was mapped to human chromosome 1q23-q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.     

Effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on the fate of urea applied to wetland rice fields

The effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) on floodwater properties, N uptake,¹⁵N recovery, and grain yield of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated in a series of field studies conducted at Muñoz and Los Baños, Philippines. Prilled urea and PPD-amended urea were applied to soil and incorporated immediately prior to transplanting or applied to floodwater after transplanting. Urea was also deep-placed or added in a coated form in two studies.The addition of PPD with urea retarded urea hydrolysis by 1–3 days, depending on the time and method of application. Significant reductions in the concentration of ammoniacal-N in floodwater resulted when PPD-amended urea was applied between 18 and 26 days after transplanting (DT). In contrast, PPD did not appreciably affect the concentration of ammoniacal-N in floodwater when applied with urea either immediately before or after transplanting of the seedlings.Plant N uptake and grain yield were not significantly affected by the addition of PPD with urea in three of the four experiments conducted, even though PPD substantially reduced the concentration of ammoniacal-N in the floodwater in several treatments in these studies. The¹⁵N balance studies conducted at both field locations showed PPD to increase total¹⁵N recovery by between 10% and 14% of the¹⁵N applied, 14 days after the application of urea. No further loss of¹⁵N occurred between the initial sampling (40 DT) and grain harvest at Los Baños. An increase in¹⁵N recovery occurred at grain harvest at Muñoz because¹⁵N-labeled urea was applied at 50 DT in the study. PPD increased the amount of¹⁵N in the plant and nonexchangeable soil N fraction at all harvests at Los Baños. In contrast, at Muñoz, PPD increased the quantity of¹⁵N in the KCL-extractable pool 14 days after urea was applied. Reasons for the discrepancies in results between experiments and the overall failure of PPD to increase grain yield are discussed.     

Fracture mechanisms in oxide scale on iron during substrate deformation

Oxide scales of different thickness and structure were grown on iron. Fracture of scales was studied when the underlying iron substrate was torsionally deformed at room temperature. For thin scales (5m) with a porous interface structure, the nucleation and growth of cracks occurred by the successive joining of interface pores. Slowly cooled scales of intermediate thickness (20m) failed by crack growth along oxide grain boundaries and from sharp corners of magnetite cuboids within wustite zones. For thick scales (35m), cracks nucleated from the base of the outermost magnetite crystallites. Rapidly cooled, thick scales exhibited crack nucleation from the sharp edges of voids at the scale/metal interface. Crack spacing in the oxide scale decreased with increasing substrate strain in a parabolic form.     

Is the release of noradrenaline necessary for self-stimulation of the brain?

A totally voluntary plasmapheresis program recruits 900 individual donors per year at a cancer institute, where 500 to 900 units of platelets are transfused each month. Staff and donors use a film and brochures to recruit donors from the local community. Television and radio spots, with donor recognition pins, certificates, receptions, and picnics are utilized. Donor motivation was studied by use of: 1) California Psychological Inventory--measures a variety of "normal" personality traits; 2) Study of values--measures theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, religious values; 3) Internal-External Control Scale--measures degree to which a person blames self vs. external events for what happens to him; 4) Faith in People Scale--measures individual's confidence in his fellow man; 5) Anomia Scale--measure of feelings of self-to-others alienation; 6) Mach IV Scale--measure of persons tendency to manipulate others; and 7) Biographical Data Form. Results are presented for 25 male donor subjects studied, as they compare with normative data for the scales used. Donors appeared to have the same traits as do the general population, but appeared lower in Machiavellianism than non-plasmapheresis donors. Prospective study plans include additional subjects to provide appropriate control groups.     

Isolation of anti-T cell receptor scFv mutants by yeast surface display

Yeast surface display and sorting by flow cytometry have been used to isolate mutants of an scFv that is specific for the Vbeta8 region of the T cell receptor. Selection was based on equilibrium binding by two fluorescently labeled probes, a soluble Vbeta8 domain and an antibody to the c-myc epitope tag present at the carboxy-terminus of the scFv. The mutants that were selected in this screen included a scFv with threefold increased affinity for the Vbeta8 and scFv clones that were bound with reduced affinities by the anti-c-myc antibody. The latter finding indicates that the yeast display system may be used to map conformational epitopes, which cannot be revealed by standard peptide screens. Equilibrium antigen binding constants were estimated within the surface display format, allowing screening of isolated mutants without necessitating subcloning and soluble expression. Only a relatively small library of yeast cells (3 x 10[5]) displaying randomly mutagenized scFv was screened to identify these mutants, indicating that this system will provide a powerful tool for engineering the binding properties of eucaryotic secreted and cell surface proteins.      

Relationship of milk secretion to hypocalcemia in the dairy cow

After parturiton, alternate periods of milking for 4 days and nonmilking for 3 days produced marked changes in plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, and parathyroid hormone in Jersey cows. A 3- to 4-day period of hypocalcemia, increased parathyroid hormone concentrations, hypophosphatemia, and hypermagnesemia was associated with initiation of each milking period. These measurements did not return to normal until 6 to 7 days after initiation of milking. An "overshoot" of the calcium and phosphate concentrations after this adaptive period occurred in many of the cows. There was little difference in the time sequence of the hypocalcemic period that was associated closely with parturition and initiation of milk secretion in the cow and of hypocalcemic periods that could be induced by the alternate periods of milking. A "lag time" in the calcium homeostatic mechanisms of the cows was present, and for the calcium demand placed on the cows in these experiments the "lag time" was 5 to 7 days. This "lag time" appears to be important in development of parturient by hypocalcemia of dairy cows.     

Simple, reliable, and cost-effective yeast identification scheme for the clinical laboratory

The appearance of colonies on the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida combined with observation of morphology on corn meal-Tween 80 agar was used for the identification of 353 clinical yeast isolates. The results were compared with those obtained with API yeast identification kits. The accuracy of identification and the turnaround time were equivalent for each method, and our cultural method was less expensive.     

A preliminary study of the mechanics of scale detachment from an Fe-Cr-Mo alloy at elevated temperatures

The gradual detachment of a disc of scale from the surface of Fe-1% Cr-0.5% Mo alloys (with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Si) oxidized in oxygen at 1050–1100°C, was recorded by a robot camera. An analytical model based on the rigid plastic theory of plate deformation was developed to calculate the energy dissipated during scale detachment. Preliminary results for the work of scale adhesion are for the 0% Si alloy: 42–54 Jm^?2; for the 0.25% Si alloy: 106–118 Jm^?2 and for the 0.5% Si alloy: 24–26 Jm^?2 at 1050°C.