Experience in experiments and change in internal-external control scores.

Assigned 150 undergraduates to (a) verbal conditioning experiments in which Ss felt they had control of their performance, (b) verbal conditioning experiments in which Ss felt they had no control, and (c) control experiments in which Ss wrote TAT stories. Pre- and posttest scores on the Internal-External Control Scale (J. Rotter) were compared for each group. As predicted, Ss in the internally oriented experiments increased in internal control, and Ss in the externally oriented experiments increased in external control (p     

Creativity and academic major: Business versus English majors.

Compared 28 business and 20 English majors on 2 measures of creativity, unusual uses for common objects and the Personal Opinion Survey, to explore N. R. Maier L. R. Hoffman's (see 36:4) interpretation of the inhibiting organizational effects on creativity. CHI2 tests revealed that English majors were superior to business majors on both creativity tests suggesting that a selective factor is operative: English attracts students high in creativity while business attracts students low in creativity. These results make the Maier and Hoffman emphasis on organizational effects somewhat dubious, since their results can be explained on the basis of this selective factor. Further comparison of the 48 SPS with 229 Ss previously tested indicated that business majors were significantly low on creativity while English majors were significantly high. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Complexity-simplicity and reaction to threatening information.

Based on research in personality and creativity, it was predicted that Ss who preferred simpler polygons would react differently to a threatening statement than would Ss who preferred more complex shapes. This expectation was supported in an experiment with 62 undergraduates in that (1) verbalizations and (2) pre-post change in ratings were significant in the predicted direction: Ss who preferred simpler shapes reacted more negatively to the threatening information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Critique of "Treatment of insomnia by relaxation training": Relaxation training, Rogerian therapy, or demand characteristics?

Criticizes M. Kahn, B. L. Baker, and J. M. Weiss's (see 43:3) study because of 3 major weaknesses: confounding behavior therapy with other therapy, demand characteristics, and use of self-report. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Openness to experience and marijuana use in high school students.

Investigated marihuana use and its relationship to personality in 984 8-12th graders. Increasing frequency of marihuana use was significantly related to increased creativity, adventuresomeness, internal sensation, novelty seeking and impulsivity, and decreased authoritarianism. No differences were noted in manifest anxiety among user groups, but heavier marihuana users earned lower grades in school. Catholics used marihuana the most, Jews were slightly above the mean in usage, and Protestants were lowest. More frequent marihuana use was associated with increased experimentation with other drugs. Multiple-drug users demonstrated increased manifest anxiety and lower grades. College vs non-college-oriented differences are discussed as well as the personality profile of the marihuana user. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Rise of People-Centric Sensing

Technological advances in sensing, computation, storage, and communications will turn the near-ubiquitous mobile phone into a global mobile sensing device. People-centric sensing will help drive this trend by enabling a different way to sense, learn, visualize, and share information about ourselves, friends, communities, the way we live, and the world we live in. It juxtaposes the traditional view of mesh sensor networks with one in which people, carrying mobile devices, enable opportunistic sensing coverage. In the MetroSense Project's vision of people-centric sensing, users are the key architectural system component, enabling a host of new application areas such as personal, public, and social sensing.     

Sexual behavior as related to sex fantasies and experimental manipulation of authoritarianism and creativity.

45 male and 35 female college students were randomly assigned to a fantasy or no-fantasy condition and to an authoritarianism/creativity (measured by the California F Scale and the Personal Opinion Survey, respectively) or no-authoritarianism/creativity condition. ANOVA indicated that the highest level of sexual behavior (as assessed by a specially developed behavior-frequency questionnaire) was reported by Ss who received both treatments; those who received only 1 treatment engaged in significantly more sexual behavior than the control group. Implications for sex research, sex therapy, and research in creativity are discussed. (35 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new fixation procedure for preserving the ultrastructure of marine invertebrate tissues

Addition of 0·05% OsO₄ to a conventional glutaraldehyde fixative for the first 10 min of fixation was found to improve greatly the preservation of ultrastructure in the eggs of Urechis caupo. Several workers have since confirmed this result in other marine invertebrate tissues. Specific protocols and techniques are given. We believe that the OsO₄ rapidly renders the plasma membranes of cells freely permeable to glutaraldehyde, allowing faster penetration of this fixative. This method should be applicable to a wide variety of tissues that are difficult to fix.     

轴线的解构:丹尼尔·里伯斯金,犹太人博物馆,1989~1999年

<正>20世纪70年代,罗莎琳德·克劳斯(Rosalind Krauss)~([1])在纽约的建筑与城市研究所(Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies),以"指示符号札记(Notes on the Index)"为题,进行了两场重要讲座。之后,这两场讲座的内容以论文形式发表在杂志《十月》(October)第3期(1977年春)和第4期(1977年秋)上面。在讲座中,克劳斯讨论了形象符号(icon)、象征符号(symbo1)和指示符号(index)的区别,而这种区别是由C·S·皮尔斯最先提出来的。对皮尔斯来说,形象符号与其对象具有视觉上的相似性,象征符号