Phung VT  Sælid E  Egelandsdal B  Volden J  Slinde E 《Journal of food science》2011,76(6):C929-C936

Abstract: The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of 2 types of permeabilized tissues and their corresponding isolated mitochondria from porcine M. masseter and liver, resulting in 4 systems, was studied at different pH values (5.0 to 7.1) using fresh samples and samples frozen directly in liquid nitrogen (N₂) or air‐frozen at ?20°C. A protocol with the additive sequence rotenone–succinate–ADP (adenosine diphosphate)–cytochrome c–FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) was used to study respiration changes. The OCR of liver respiring on succinate (OCR _S ) was higher than that of muscle tissue. pH had a larger effect on OCR_S than freeze‐thawing. Low pH was associated with reduced OCR_S. The OCR_S of isolated muscle mitochondria appeared to be an underestimated relative to the OCR_S of permeabilized muscle cells. Increasing pH, following prior subjection to pH 5.0, showed partial reversibility of the OCR_S. The freeze‐thaw cycle increased the OCR_S when muscle systems were frozen and examined above pH 6.0; this effect was less apparent for liver tissue. A response to cytochrome c addition, indicating a defective outer mitochondrial membrane, was observed for all 4 systems. The response was, however, lowest for permeabilized cells. The ADP/FCCP additive pair indicated partial coupling for isolated liver and muscle mitochondria. These additives gave weak responses for the permeabilized liver cells while the OCR seemed to be inhibited for permeabilized muscle fibers when ADP/FCCP was added. Practical Application: The mitochondrial state is believed to be important for myoglobin reduction, development of flavor, and possibly other meat qualities. By monitoring the oxygen consumption in mitochondria and meat we can better understand and control such processes following freezing and thawing.  相似文献   

    

María Angeles Rosillo  Marina Sánchez‐Hidalgo  Alejandro González‐Benjumea  José G. Fernández‐Bolaños  Erik Lubberts  Catalina Alarcón‐de‐la‐Lastra 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2015,59(12):2537-2546

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Nathalie Bernaert  Dorrit Wouters  Luc De Vuyst  Domien De Paepe  Hervé De Clercq  Erik Van Bockstaele  Marc De Loose  Bart Van Droogenbroeck 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(9):2146-2153

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  总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Baken S  Degryse F  Verheyen L  Merckx R  Smolders E 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(7):2584-2590

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters affects the fate and environmental effects of trace metals. We measured variability in the Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn affinity of 23 DOM samples isolated by reverse osmosis from freshwaters in natural, agricultural, and urban areas. Affinities at uniform pH and ionic composition were assayed at low, environmentally relevant free Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn activities. The C-normalized metal binding of DOM varied 4-fold (Cu) or about 10-fold (Cd, Ni, Zn) among samples. The dissolved organic carbon concentration ranged only 9-fold in the waters, illustrating that DOM quality is an equally important parameter for metal complexation as DOM quantity. The UV-absorbance of DOM explained metal affinity only for waters receiving few urban inputs, indicating that in those waters, aromatic humic substances are the dominant metal chelators. Larger metal affinities were found for DOM from waters with urban inputs. Aminopolycarboxylate ligands (mainly EDTA) were detected at concentrations up to 0.14 μM and partly explained the larger metal affinity. Nickel concentrations in these surface waters are strongly related to EDTA concentrations (R2=0.96) and this is underpinned by speciation calculations. It is concluded that metal complexation in waters with anthropogenic discharges is larger than that estimated with models that only take into account binding on humic substances.  相似文献   

    

Ralf Beuker  Erik Roscam Abbing 《Design Management Review》2010,21(1):54-60

The social web is not just a place to communicate about your brand—it's also a good place to facilitate brand research. But remember that knowing the attitudes and behavior of your target audience comes first.  相似文献   

    

Mei Li  Sara Johnson  Hongtao Guo  Erik Dujardin  Stephen Mann 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(5):851-859

The mechanism of gold nanoparticle chain assembly associated with the induction of electric dipole–dipole interactions arising from the partial ligand exchange of surface‐adsorbed citrate ions by mercaptoethanol is investigated. UV‐vis spectrophotometry and electron microscopy are used, respectively, to determine the kinetics and time‐dependent structural changes associated with formation of the 1D nanoparticle superstructures between 5 and 50 °C. The results indicate that assembly of the plasmonic nanoparticle networks is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature. Formation of the nanoparticle chains is optimized at 25–30 °C and follows first order kinetics with increasing reaction rates attained for higher initial nanoparticle concentrations. Below 25 °C, plasmonic nanoparticle networks are produced but at a considerably reduced rate. In contrast, above 30 °C, short‐chain networks form rapidly but the process is superseded by a secondary mechanism that limits chain growth and produces small fragments and isolated Au nanoparticles. The changes in assembly behavior are attributed to the temperature‐dependent ordering and disordering of mercaptoethanol molecules associated with the gold nanoparticle surface. The results provide a general mechanistic model for the self‐assembly of metallic nanoparticles based on ligand‐induced electric dipolar interactions, which are globally under thermodynamic control but sensitive to kinetic aspects. It is also shown that the dipolar mechanism can be further exploited to introduce larger nanoparticles as topological dopants that reside specifically at branching points or termini in the self‐assembled 1D nanoparticle networks.  相似文献   

    

Vasilis Fthenakis  Erik Alsema 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2006,14(3):275-280

Life cycle assessments and external cost estimates of photovoltaics have been often based on old data that do not reflect the extensive technological progress made over the past decade. Our assessment uses current (2004–early 2005) manufacturing data, from twelve European and US photovoltaic companies, and establishes the Energy Payback Times (EPBT), Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and external environmental costs of current commercial PV technologies. Estimates of external costs are about 70% lower than those in recent high‐impact publications which were derived from the old data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Otto L. Muskens  Silke L. Diedenhofen  Maarten H. M. van Weert  Magnus T. Borgström  Erik P. A. M. Bakkers  Jaime Gómez Rivas 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(7):1039-1046

A novel class of optical metamaterials is presented consisting of high densities of aligned gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires fabricated using metal‐organic vapor phase‐epitaxy. Starting from a gold island film as a catalyst for nanowire growth, a sequential combination of vapor–liquid–solid and lateral growth modes is employed to obtain a continuous tunability of the nanowire volume fraction from 7% to over 35%. By choosing different crystallographic orientations of the GaP substrate, metamaterials are designed with different nanowire orientations. The anisotropy of the nanowire building blocks results in strong optical birefringence. Polarization interferometry demonstrates a very large polarization extinction contrast of 4 × 10³ combined with a sharp angular resonance which holds promise for optical sensing. Nanowire metamaterials may find applications in photonics, optoelectronics, non‐linear and quantum optics, microfluidics, bio‐, and gas sensing.  相似文献   

    

Stefan  Dengke  Erik  Andreas   《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2007,61(3):163-167

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Evert Nieuwlaar  Erik Alsema 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》1998,6(2):87-90

Photovoltaic (PV) power systems can lead to significant reduction of emissions to the environment. Contrary to conventional fossil fuel-based electricity production, the environmental aspects of PV power systems are mostly related to indirect processes such as cell and module manufacturing and ‘end of life’ waste management. Careful assessment of such environmental aspects throughout all life-cycle stages is required to reveal the contribution that PV power systems can make to environmental sustainability within the energy sector. An expert workshop was held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, on 25–27 June 1997 that addressed issues and approaches regarding the environmental aspects of PV power systems, including energy payback times, CO₂ mitigation potential, environmental life-cycle assessment and health and safety assessment and control. Various issues of environmental importance were identified during the workshop and recommendations were made for further work to ensure that PV power systems will indeed fulfil the promise of environmental sustainability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献