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排序方式: 共有857条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Markus F. Weber Gabriele Poxleitner Elke Hebisch Erwin Frey Madeleine Opitz 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(96)
Dispersal of species is a fundamental ecological process in the evolution and maintenance of biodiversity. Limited control over ecological parameters has hindered progress in understanding of what enables species to colonize new areas, as well as the importance of interspecies interactions. Such control is necessary to construct reliable mathematical models of ecosystems. In our work, we studied dispersal in the context of bacterial range expansions and identified the major determinants of species coexistence for a bacterial model system of three Escherichia coli strains (toxin-producing, sensitive and resistant). Genetic engineering allowed us to tune strain growth rates and to design different ecological scenarios (cyclic and hierarchical). We found that coexistence of all strains depended on three strongly interdependent factors: composition of inoculum, relative strain growth rates and effective toxin range. Robust agreement between our experiments and a thoroughly calibrated computational model enabled us to extrapolate these intricate interdependencies in terms of phenomenological biodiversity laws. Our mathematical analysis also suggested that cyclic dominance between strains is not a prerequisite for coexistence in competitive range expansions. Instead, robust three-strain coexistence required a balance between growth rates and either a reduced initial ratio of the toxin-producing strain, or a sufficiently short toxin range. 相似文献
32.
Erwin de Groot Brian Wyvill Loïc Barthe Ahmad Nasri Paul Lalonde 《Computer Graphics Forum》2014,33(1):141-151
Texture mapping is an essential component for creating 3D models and is widely used in both the game and the movie industries. Creating texture maps has always been a complex task and existing methods carefully balance flexibility with ease of use. One difficulty in using texturing is the repeated placement of individual textures over larger areas. In this paper, we propose a method which uses decals to place images onto a model. Our method allows the decals to compete for space and to deform as they are being pushed by other decals. A spherical field function is used to determine the position and the size of each decal and the deformation applied to fit the decals. The decals may span multiple objects with heterogeneous representations. Our method does not require an explicit parametrization of the model. As such, varieties of patterns, including repeated patterns like rocks, tiles and scales can be mapped. We have implemented the method using the GPU where placement, size and orientation of thousands of decals are manipulated in real time. 相似文献
33.
34.
Do Yun Kim Erwin Guijt Ren A. C. M. M. van Swaaij Miro Zeman 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2015,23(6):671-684
In this study, deposition conditions for making a‐SiOx:H are investigated systematically in order to obtain a high band gap material. We found that at given optical band gap, a‐SiOx:H with favorable opto‐electronic properties can be obtained when deposited using low CO2 flow rates and deposition pressures. We also found that a low radio frequency power density is required in order to limit the effect of ion bombardment on the material properties of i‐a‐SiOx:H and thereby the solar cell performance. In addition, by decreasing the heater temperature from 300 to 200°C when making the i‐a‐SiOx:H, the Voc can be increased. We employed optimized p‐doped and n‐doped a‐SiOx:H films into the p‐i‐n solar cells, and as a consequence, a high Voc of over 1 V and high fill factor (FF) are obtained. When depositing on texture‐etched ZnO:Al substrates, a high efficiency a‐SiOx:H single junction solar cell having a high Voc × FF product of 0.761 (Voc: 1.042 V, Jsc: 10.3 mA/cm2, FF: 0.73, efficiency: 7.83%) was obtained. The a‐SiOx:H solar cell shows comparable light degradation characteristics to standard a‐Si:H solar cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
35.
36.
Processing polyimide-based thermosetting matrix composites is complicated because of gaseous volatiles produced during the polymerization and crosslinking reactions. This process involves complex interactions between part geometry, temperature and force cycles, and matrix/fiber properties. A simple model for the consolidation process that treats these composites as a three-phase system consisting of fiber, resin, and volatile has been developed. This model has been applied to compression molding process for constant thickness laminates and the predictions agree well with experiments. Further extension to handle three-dimensional parts and the required numerical techniques have also been developed. 相似文献
37.
Photoreduction of Shewanella oneidensis Extracellular Cytochromes by Organic Chromophores and Dye‐Sensitized TiO2 下载免费PDF全文
Emma V. Ainsworth Dr. Colin W. J. Lockwood Dr. Gaye F. White Dr. Ee Taek Hwang Dr. Tsubasa Sakai Manuela A. Gross Prof. David J. Richardson Dr. Thomas A. Clarke Dr. Lars J. C. Jeuken Dr. Erwin Reisner Prof. Julea N. Butt 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2016,17(24):2324-2333
The transfer of photoenergized electrons from extracellular photosensitizers across a bacterial cell envelope to drive intracellular chemical transformations represents an attractive way to harness nature's catalytic machinery for solar‐assisted chemical synthesis. In Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 (MR‐1), trans‐outer‐membrane electron transfer is performed by the extracellular cytochromes MtrC and OmcA acting together with the outer‐membrane‐spanning porin ? cytochrome complex (MtrAB). Here we demonstrate photoreduction of solutions of MtrC, OmcA, and the MtrCAB complex by soluble photosensitizers: namely, eosin Y, fluorescein, proflavine, flavin, and adenine dinucleotide, as well as by riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide, two compounds secreted by MR‐1. We show photoreduction of MtrC and OmcA adsorbed on RuII‐dye‐sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and that these protein‐coated particles perform photocatalytic reduction of solutions of MtrC, OmcA, and MtrCAB. These findings provide a framework for informed development of strategies for using the outer‐membrane‐associated cytochromes of MR‐1 for solar‐driven microbial synthesis in natural and engineered bacteria. 相似文献
38.
Akram El Hasni Stefan Pfirrmann Anett Kolander Erwin Yacoub-George Martin König Christof Landesberger Anja Voigt Gabi Grützner Uwe Schnakenberg 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2017,21(3):41
We present a new epoxy-based negative-tone dry film photoresist (DFR) for fabricating multilayer microfluidic devices using a lamination process combined with a standard photolithography technology. As proof-of-concept, a complex 3D-hydrodynamic focusing device was produced via a six-layer lamination process of 33 µm-thick DFR layers. The bonding strength of the new DFR was tested on silicon, glass, and titanium substrates, respectively. A maximum bonding strength of 37 MPa was obtained for the dry film photoresist laminated on glass. No leakage was found, and burst tests proved excellent robustness and sealing reliability of the microchannels. 相似文献
39.
Joachim Mittendorf Prof. Dr. Stefan Weigand Dr. Cristina Alonso‐Alija Dr. Erwin Bischoff Dr. Achim Feurer Dr. Michael Gerisch Dr. Armin Kern Dr. Andreas Knorr Dr. Dieter Lang Dr. Klaus Muenter Dr. Martin Radtke Dr. Hartmut Schirok Dr. Karl‐Heinz Schlemmer Dr. Elke Stahl Dr. Alexander Straub Dr. Frank Wunder Dr. Johannes‐Peter Stasch Dr. 《ChemMedChem》2009,4(5):693-693
40.
Abstract A real-time phase visualization technique using a phase conjugating mirror is proposed, and experimental verification is presented. 相似文献