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991.
E. M. Orbegoso L. F. Figueira da Silva R. Serfaty 《Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications》2013,63(2):166-179
ABSTRACTThis work presents a numerical study of radiation heat transfer and its interaction with gray and spectral radiation of combustion products and soot that are formed in a turbulent non-premixed combustion process. To this purpose, weighted sum of gray gases (WSGGM), Rayleigh, narrow-band model, and semi-empirical radiation properties models are considered. Two situations are studied ?1-D radiation problem and non-premixed gaseous combustion process. The results demonstrate that the models exhibit discrepancies that are smaller than the available line-by-line or experimental data. A study of the factors that influence such a disagreement is presented, underscoring the role of the chemical kinetics of hydrocarbon species and soot oxidation. 相似文献
992.
Tanmaya Badapanda Laécio Santos Cavalcante Geraldo Eduardo da Luz Jr. Nouga Cardoso Batista Shahid Anwar Elson Longo 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(9):4296-4309
In the current article, we studied the effect of yttrium [Y3+] ions’ substitution on the structure and electric behavior of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics with a general formula [Ba1?x Y2x/3](Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 (BYZT) with [x = 0, 0.025, and 0.05] which were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these ceramics have a single phase with a perovskite-type cubic structure. Rietveld refinement data confirmed [BaO12], [ZrO6], [TiO6], and [YO6] clusters in the cubic lattice. The Y3+ ions’ effects on the electric conductivity behavior of BZT ceramics as a function of temperature and frequency are described, which are based on impedance spectroscopy analyses. The complex impedance plots display a double semicircle which highlights the influences of grain and grain boundary on the ceramics. Impedance analyses showed that the resistance decreased with the increasing temperature and resulted in a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance property in all compositions. Modulus plots represent a non-Debye-type dielectric relaxation which is related to the grain and grain boundary as well as temperature-dependent electric relaxation phenomenon and an enhancement in the mobility barrier by Y3+ ions. Moreover, the electric conductivity increases with the replacement of Ba2+ by Y3+ ions may be due to the rise in oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
993.
Supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSSs) allow high mechanical strength with better corrosion resistance and toughness than conventional martensitic stainless steels. The SMSS steels with 12–13%Cr have been studied and applied in the oil and gas offshore production. The increase of Cr content, and the addition of Mo and W is now being investigated to increase mechanical and pitting corrosion resistance. In this work, a new 17%Cr steel, with Mo and W additions was studied. Depending on the final tempering treatment, the steel has a complex microstructure of austenite, ferrite, martensite and precipitates. The pitting corrosion resistance also depends on the microstructure produced by tempering. It was found that the pitting potential slightly decreases with the increase of tempering temperature and is further decreased by the double-tempering treatment. The pits initiate and grow preferentially in the martensite or tempered martensite islands, due to the lower Cr, Mo and W contents of these areas. 相似文献
994.
Disterfano Lima Martins Barbosa Jerson Rogerio Pinheiro Vaz Daborah Aline Tavares Dias do Rio Vaz Sivio Wesley Oliveira Figueiredo Marcelo Oliveira da Silva Andre Luiz Amarante Mesquita Claudio JoseCavalcante Blanco 《能源与动力工程:英文版》2013,(8):1472-1477
The use of diffusers around the horizontal-axis wind turbines has been widely studied since the diffuser improves the power coefficient of the turbine and it is often called DAWTs (diffuser augmented wind turbines).Turbines using diffuser are called DWATs (Diffuser Augmented Turbines),and have efficiency bigger than the Betz limit (maximum energy flow extracted = 59.26%). Thus, this study presents a mathematical model describing the behavior of the velocity profile internally to a diffuser according to the characteristics of flow and geometry of a conical diffuser. The results are compared with experimental data and show good agreement. 相似文献
995.
Electrical power supply to communities isolated from urban areas is typically complex and expensive. Their geographical situation and the lack of infrastructure and qualified workforce impede the provision of electricity. Many are the sources of energy available, but few are appropriate or sustainable. Combustion of diesel fuel is a good technical solution; however, it is neither economic nor environmentally tenable. This paper presents the advantages of using biomass as an energy source, along with its potential increase in efficiency when steam is generated in specific circumstances of temperature and pressure. 相似文献
996.
Claudio Rogerio Negri da Silva 《国际生产研究杂志》2013,51(23):6589-6609
In this paper, we apply performance evaluation and capacity allocation models to support decisions in the design (or redesign) and planning of a job-shop queueing network of a metallurgical plant. Approximate parametric decomposition methods are used to evaluate system performance measures, such as the expected work-in-process (WIP) and production leadtimes. Based on these methods, optimisation models are then applied for the allocation (or reallocation) of capacity to the stations of the job-shop network. These models are also used to generate approximate trade-off curves between capacity investment and WIP or leadtime, which are valuable for a production manager to estimate how much capacity should be allocated to the stations to reach some targeted performance measures. These curves are also useful for the sensitivity analysis of the solutions to changes in the input parameters, such as the variability of the product demands, the mix of the production and the throughput rate of the network. 相似文献
997.
J.C. Mierzwa I. Hespanhol M.C.C. da Silva L.D.B. Rodrigues C.F. Giorgi 《Desalination》2008,230(1-3):41-50
This paper presents the results of a research on direct drinking water treatment through an ultrafiltration pilot plant unit using spiral-wound membranes (3500 MWCO). The source of water is the Guarapiranga Reservoir, an eutrophicated water body located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected during a period of almost 3400 h, from August 2005 to January 2006. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the membrane production capacity and contaminant removal efficiency. It was verified that the system was able to produce a high quality permeate with a flow close to the specified by the membrane manufacturer. The average permeate flow was 19.7 L.h−1.m−2, at 467 kPa and 25°C, with a global water recovery of almost 85%. The removal efficiencies for TOC, UV light absorption, and turbidity were 85%, 56%, and 95%, respectively. The results provide substantial evidence of the technical feasibility of spiral-wound UF membranes for direct drinking water treatment from euthrophicated sources, as an alternative for conventional drinking water treatment systems. 相似文献
998.
Ana Luísa Daniel‐da‐Silva João Carlos Moura Bordado José Miguel Martín‐Martínez 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(2):700-709
The study of the kinetics of the curing of isocyanate quasi‐prepolymers with water was performed by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of the free isocyanate content, polyol functionality, and of the addition of an amine catalyst (2,2′‐dimorpholinediethylether) in the reaction kinetics and morphology of the final poly(urethane urea) was analyzed. A second‐order autocatalyzed model was successfully applied to reproduce the curing process under isothermal curing conditions, until gelation occurred. A kinetic model‐free approach was used to find the dependence of the effective activation energy (Ea) with the extent of cure, when the reaction was performed under nonisothermal conditions. The dependence of Ea with the reaction progress was different depending on the initial composition of the quasi‐prepolymer, which reveals the complexity of the curing process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
999.
L. L. G. da Silva M. Ueda C. B. Mello E. N. Codaro C. M. Lepienski 《Journal of Materials Science》2008,43(17):5989-5997
In this paper we report the effect of high temperature PIII of nitrogen on the chemical and physical properties of AISI H13
steel. The implantation of H13 steels was carried out at different temperatures ranging between 300 °C and 720 °C. After the
treatment, the surface morphology was drastically changed as observed by SEM analysis. Nitrogen penetration depth reaching
up to 12 μm was achieved at 620 °C and 720 °C. The maximum hardness of about 592 HV was obtained for the sample treated at
470 °C that is 17% higher than for untreated specimen. There was a decrease of the hardness values for temperatures above
470 °C. The same hardness behavior with the temperature was confirmed by nanoindentation testing. Although an enriched nitrogen
layer was obtained, no evidence of nitride compounds was detected by XRD analyses. On the other hand, improvements of the
H13 steel tribological properties and corrosion resistance were obtained. The wear tests were conducted by pin-on-disk tribometer
(rotating mode). The wear volume decreased by factor of 4.5 compared to the standard tempered and annealed H13 steel and 2.6
times reduction of the coefficient of friction was achieved. The electrochemical measurements were performed in 3.5% NaCl
solution, pH = 6. Open circuit potential curves showed that the potentials are nobler for the PIII treated samples than for
untreated specimen. In addition, the corrosion current density of the samples treated at 620 °C and 720 °C diminished to 3
× 10−8 A/cm2. 相似文献
1000.
Hybrid organic–inorganic materials based on polypyrrole and 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (DMIT) containing dianions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonio Gerson Bernardo da Cruz James Lewis Wardell Ana M. Rocco 《Journal of Materials Science》2008,43(17):5823-5836
The synthesis of hybrid materials by electropolymerization of pyrrole and inorganic complexes based on the DMIT ligand (1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate),
e.g. [NEt4]2[M(DMIT)
n
] (M = Ni, Pd or Pd, n = 2; M = Sn, n = 3], in acetonitrile solution is reported. Spectroscopic data showed that DMIT-containing anions, [M(DMIT)
n
]2−, were inserted into the polypyrrole framework without chemical modification during the electropolymerization process. Cyclic
voltammetry showed that materials obtained were electroactive, undergoing redox processes related to both the conducting polymer
and the counteranions. The electrochemical results also suggest that, in the case of the transition metal containing films,
the counteranions are not trapped in the PPy matrix but undergo anion exchange during the redox cycle of PPy. However, an
opposite behaviour was observed with the film with [M(DMIT)
n
]2−. The films exhibit good thermal stabilities and have conductivity values expected for semiconductors. This study of these
hybrid materials highlights the importance of targeting specific materials for specific applications.
相似文献
Antonio Gerson Bernardo da CruzEmail: |