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991.
Silva S Martins S Karmali A Rosa E 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(9):1826-1832
BACKGROUND: Mushroom polysaccharides play an important role in functional foods because they exhibit biological modulator properties such as antitumour, antiviral and antibacterial activities. The present study involved the production, purification and characterisation of intracellular and extracellular free and protein‐bound polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus and the investigation of their growth‐inhibitory effect on human carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS: Several fermentation parameters were obtained: batch polysaccharide productivities of 0.013 ± 8.12 × 10?5 and 0.037 ± 0.0005 g L?1 day?1 for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides respectively, a maximum biomass concentration of 9.35 ± 0.18 g L?1, Pmax = 0.935 ± 0.018 g L?1 day?1, µmax = 0.218 ± 0.02 day?1, YEP/X = 0.040 ± 0.0015 g g?1 and YIP/X = 0.014 ± 0.0003 g g?1. Some polysaccharides exhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity of 50‐200 units. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the polysaccharides revealed absorption bands characteristic of such biological macromolecules. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides exhibited antitumour activity towards several tested human carcinoma cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The polysaccharides of P. ostreatus exhibited high SOD‐like activity, which strongly supports their biological effect on tumour cell lines. The extracellular polysaccharides presented the highest antitumour activity towards the RL95 carcinoma cell line and should be further investigated as an antitumour agent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
992.
Vallverdú-Queralt A Martínez-Huélamo M Arranz-Martinez S Miralles E Lamuela-Raventós RM 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(10):2043-2049
BACKGROUND: Carotenoids are important antioxidant compounds in the human diet. Owing to their constrained polyene structure, carotenoids can exist in cis and trans isomeric forms that can be difficult to differentiate in natural samples. In ketchups and gazpachos, all‐trans isomeric forms are predominant. However, during thermal processing, cis isomers are formed. Therefore the determination of carotenoid isomers is required for the assessment of the nutritional value of foods. RESULTS: The main carotenoid found in ketchups was trans‐lycopene, whereas in gazpachos a higher contribution to the total carotenoid content was made by other carotenoids such as 5‐, 9‐ and 13‐cis‐lycopene, lutein, β‐carotene and α‐carotene. Ketchups exhibited the highest lipophilic antioxidant content owing to their higher content of trans‐lycopene, the main carotenoid in tomatoes. CONCLUSION: Direct analysis of carotenoids by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) often produces poor results requiring offline time‐ and sample‐consuming derivatisation techniques. Therefore in this work a simple ESI‐MS approach is described for the direct analysis of carotenoids in ketchups and gazpachos using the post‐column addition of lithium chloride to promote the cationisation of carotenoids. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper presents for the first time the identification of 5‐, 9‐ and 13‐cis‐lycopene in ketchups and gazpachos. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
993.
Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze Shanise L. Mello El Halal Diego G. de los Santos Elizabete Helbig Juliane Mascarenhas Pereira Alvaro R. Guerra Dias 《Starch - St?rke》2012,64(1):45-54
This study investigated the effects of heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) on the resistant starch content and thermal, morphological, and textural properties of rice starches with high‐, medium‐ and low‐amylose content. The starches were adjusted to 15, 20 and 25% moisture levels and heated at 110°C for 1 h. The HMT increased the resistant starch content in all of the rice starches. HMT increased the onset temperature and the gelatinisation temperature range (Tfinish–Tonset) and decreased the enthalpy of gelatinisation of rice starches with different amylose contents. This reduction increased with the increase in the moisture content of HMT. The morphology of rice starch granules was altered with the HMT; the granules presented more agglomerated surface. The HMT affected the textural parameters of rice starches; the high‐ and low‐amylose rice starches subjected to 15 and 20% HMT possessed higher gel hardness. 相似文献
994.
Rosa MondragonJuan Carlos Jarque J. Enrique JuliaLeonor Hernandez Antonio Barba 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(1):59-70
Spray-drying is a unit operation highly important in many industrial applications. In this work, the influence of the drying conditions on the final grain properties has been investigated in single droplet experiments. Porcelain tile suspensions like those used in industry have been used. The experiments have been carried out in an acoustic levitator modified to work at high temperature conditions. The effect of the flocculation state, initial solid mass load, primary particle size, air temperature and initial droplet volume on the mean porosity of the grain and its mechanical strength has been studied. The most important parameters to be considered for the porosity are the primary particle size, the initial solid mass load and the flocculation state. For the mechanical strength the significant effects are the primary particle size, the initial solid mass load, the air temperature and the cross effect of flocculation state and initial solid mass load. 相似文献
995.
Building on the assumption that journalists' attitudes toward public institutions can contribute to a decline in public trust, this article sets out to identify the driving forces behind journalists' confidence in public institutions. Based on interviews with 2000 journalists from 20 countries, variation in trust is modeled across the individual level of journalists, the organizational level of news media, and the societal level of countries. Our findings suggest that the principal determinants of journalists' trust emanate from a country's political performance, from state ownership in the media, and from the extent to which people tend to trust each other. Journalism culture and power distance, however, seem to have relatively little weight in the calculus of journalists' institutional trust. 相似文献
996.
Dongmei Fan Enrica De Rosa Matthew B. Murphy Yang Peng Christine A. Smid Ciro Chiappini Xuewu Liu Paul Simmons Bradley K. Weiner Mauro Ferrari Ennio Tasciotti 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(2):282-293
In this study, poly(dl ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/porous silicon (PLGA/pSi) composite microspheres, synthesized by a solid‐in‐oil‐in‐water (S/O/W) emulsion method, are developed for the long‐term controlled delivery of biomolecules for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. Confocal and fluorescent microscopy, together with material analysis, show that each composite microsphere contained multiple pSi particles embedded within the PLGA matrix. The release profiles of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC‐BSA), loaded inside the pSi within the PLGA matrix, indicate that both PLGA and pSi contribute to the control of the release rate of the payload. Protein stability studies show that PLGA/pSi composite can protect BSA from degradation during the long term release. We find that during the degradation of the composite material, the presence of the pSi particles neutralizes the acidic pH due to the PLGA degradation by‐products, thus minimizing the risk of inducing inflammatory responses in the exposed cells while stimulating the mineralization in osteogenic growth media. Confocal studies show that the cellular uptake of the composite microspheres is avoided, while the fluorescent payload is detectable intracellularly after 7 days of co‐incubation. In conclusion, the PLGA/pSi composite microspheres offer an additional level of controlled release and could be ideal candidates as drug delivery vehicles for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
997.
Effect of Aloe vera application on the content and molecular arrangement of glycosaminoglycans during calcaneal tendon healing
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Andrea Aparecida De Aro Marcelo Augusto Marretto Esquisatto Umar Nishan Mylena Oliveira Perez Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues Mary Ann Foglio João Ernesto De Carvalho Laurecir Gomes Benedicto De Campos Vidal Edson Rosa Pimentel 《Microscopy research and technique》2014,77(12):964-973
Although several treatments for tendon lesions have been proposed, successful tendon repair remains a great challenge for orthopedics, especially considering the high incidence of re‐rupture of injured tendons. Our aim was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of Aloe vera on the content and arrangement of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during tendon healing, which was based on the effectiveness of A. vera on collagen organization previously observed by our group. In rats, a partial calcaneal tendon transection was performed with subsequent topical A. vera application at the injury site. The tendons were treated with A. vera ointment for 7 days and excised on the 7th, 14th, or 21st day post‐surgery. Control rats received ointment without A. vera. A higher content of GAGs and a lower amount of dermatan sulfate were detected in the A. vera‐treated group on the 14th day compared with the control. Also at 14 days post‐surgery, a lower dichroic ratio in toluidine blue stained sections was observed in A. vera‐treated tendons compared with the control. No differences were observed in the chondroitin‐6‐sulfate and TGF‐β1 levels between the groups, and higher amount of non‐collagenous proteins was detected in the A. vera‐treated group on the 21st day, compared with the control group. No differences were observed in the number of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells and blood vessels between the groups. The application of A. vera during tendon healing modified the arrangement of GAGs and increased the content of GAGs and non‐collagenous proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:964–973, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
998.
Sarah La Porta Weber Rossen Mihaylov Hazarbassanov Alex Nasaré José Álvaro Pereira Gomes Ana Luisa Hofling-Lima 《Contact lens & anterior eye》2017,40(3):151-156
Purpose
To evaluate conjunctival impression cytology and HLADR expression changes after wearing scleral contact lenses (ScCLs) for moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).Design
Prospective interventional case series.Methods
Forty-one eyes from 25 patients with moderate to severe DED were evaluated for Esclera ScCL treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and slit-lamp findings were assessed. Impression cytology specimens were obtained from DED patients at the baseline and after wearing ScCLs for 12 months. The impression cytology specimens were analyzed using morphological results score, and HLA-DR positive cells were detected and quantified. The values were compared to assess the IC changes after wearing ScCLs.Results
Forty-one eyes from 25 patients were fitted with ScCLs to manage DED. The underlying diseases were Stevens-Johnson syndrome (22 eyes), Sjogren’s syndrome (11 eyes), graft-versus-host disease (2 eyes), dry eye after keratomileusis (2 eyes) and undifferentiated ocular surface disease (4 eyes). The HE-PAS impression cytology score did not differ significantly before and after wearing ScCLs for 12 months in DED patients (p > 0.05). The percentage of eyes expressing the HLA-DR antigen in the temporal conjunctiva after wearing ScCL for 12 months significantly increased in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (11.11% to 66.66%; p = 0.0498). In groups with Stevens Johnson syndrome and other ocular surface disorders, we did not observe statistically significant differences (p > 0.05).Conclusions
The ScCLs did not change the parameters used to evaluate inflammatory processes, which were measured using conjunctival impression cytology and HLA-DR expression, except in Sjogren syndrome, in which there was an unexpected increase in HLA expression. 相似文献999.
Angel Cobos María I. Cambero Juan A Ordez Lorenzo De La Hoz 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1993,62(1):83-88
The effects of beef tallow-, soya and sunflower olein- and soya bean oil-enriched (3%) diets on the chemical and fatty acid composition of total, a polar and polar lipids of rabbit meat have been studied. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the meat chemical composition were observed between groups. However, a large effect of the diet on the total and apolar lipid fatty acids was found, with C18:1 and C18:2 the most affected fatty acids. The influence of the diets on the fatty acids of the polar fraction was less marked. It is concluded that the enrichment of the rabbit diet with either soya and sunflower oleins or soya bean oil allows the production of rabbit meat with a higher unsaturation degree than is obtained by using conventional diets, which constitutes an important nutritional benefit to the human being. 相似文献
1000.
应用模糊数学的方法综合评价糌粑感官质量。得出结论,制作、生产食品糌粑最佳茶水为用砖茶熬制的奶茶,其次是熬制的砖茶。最佳原料配比:酥油与茶水质量之比为1∶3~1∶4,曲拉的量为30%,白砂糖的添加量8%。由此配制、生产的糌粑无论是口感,还是组织状态、香气等感官品质都令人满意。 相似文献