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91.
Three types of copolymers composed of pyrrole and 3-alkyl pyrroles (with alkyl being pentyl, nonyl and undecyl) have been synthesized. A strong linear dependency of the alkyl chain length on the as-prepared copolymer physical properties is demonstrated via (a) DSC (for phase transition temperatures and enthalpy changes) and (b) UV-vis (for wavelengths of the polaronic and bipolaronic electronic transitions, and ratio of the corresponding absorbances). A trend in the copolymers' doping level vs alkyl chain length is also estimated, via IR, by taking the ratio of band intensities of the stretching modes of the polaronic and bipolaronic species. The copolymers are found to be soluble in organic solvents and their solutions can be cast onto glass substrates or metals resulting in thin films, which can be used as the electroactive component of Schottky diodes. The electrical properties of these diodes are also found to be dependent on increasing 3-alkyl chain length. 相似文献
92.
A thermally labile polymer, poly(propylene glycol), was modified to obtain PPG having an amino end group. PPG was incorporated into a partially aliphatic polyimide based on an alicyclic dianhydride, and this afforded triblock copolymers containing various amounts of PPG blocks. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal decomposition of the PPG block in the copolymers was carried out at 240°C under various pressures to obtain porous polyimide films. The pores remained during the thermolysis under a reduced pressure of 710 mmHg, whereas they collapsed under (near) atmospheric pressure. The pore size increased as the amount of the PPG block in the copolymers increased. The dielectric constants of the porous polyimides varied from 2.60 to 2.42 with the original copolymer composition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 532–538, 2006 相似文献
93.
Sorption isotherms for carbon dioxide in poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been measured at 35–55°C. The isotherms were measured gravimetrically on a Mettler Thermoanalyzer-1 from vacuum to 1 atmosphere. The sorption data were used to generate sorption isotherms from which the isosteric heat of sorption of CO2 in PET was determined. At 45°C the isosteric heat of sorption increases from −10 kcal/mole at a concentration of 0.5 cm3 (STP)/cm3 (polymer) to −8 kcal mole−1 at a concentration of 1.5 cm3 (STP)/cm3 (polymer). It has been reported in the literature that the isosteric heat of sorption for this system decreased through a minimum before increasing with increasing concentration. Our measurement of the low-pressure sorption isotherms shows that this is not the case. 相似文献
94.
Copoly(ehtylene terephthalate/imide)s (PETI) were prepared by melt polycodensation of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) and imide containing comonomer, 4,4′-bis[(4-carbo-2-hydroxyethoxy)phthalimido]diphenylmethane (BHEI) with Sb2O3 as catalyst at 280°C under vacuum (~ 1 mm Hg). The change of Tm with an increase of the BHEI repeat unit in the PETI copolymer was analyzed by the Flory equation. On isothermal crystallization, a longer induction time and a lower activation energy than for the PET homopolymer were observed with an increasing amount of BHEI repeat unit. The Avrami exponent, n, increased from 1.5 to 2.3 as the content of BHEI or crystallization temperature was increased. The Avrami rate constant K decreased with the increase of the BHEL unit. On nonisothermal crystallization, the Ozawa equation and Lawton plot were used to investigate the effect of BHEI units on the crystallization kinetics of PETI copolymers. From the change of the cooling crystallization function and the result of the Lawton plot, it was found that the BHEI unit effectively decreases the rate of crystallization. 相似文献
95.
针对智能电表与表后断路器大多依赖人工掌机扫码进行配对,配对过程过度依赖人工,成本高,且容易发生误配对串户等问题,提出了面向新一代智能电表的微电流指纹自动配对技术。该技术通过在蓝牙断路器内置开关电容模块和编码电路,将配对特征码信息调制成无功电流信号,利用电力线传输至智能电表,并与蓝牙断路器广播发送的配对特征码信息进行比对,从而实现智能电表与表后断路器的自动配对。该配对过程无需依赖人工,极大地降低了人工成本,提高了配对的准确性。最后,实验验证了所提的微电流指纹自动配对技术的正确性和有效性。 相似文献
96.
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98.
Ella L. F. Fu Jan van Aalst Carol K. K. Chan 《International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning》2016,11(4):441-478
The goal of this study was to develop a classification for a range of discourse patterns that occur in text-based asynchronous discussion forums, and that can aid in the distinction of three modes of discourse: knowledge sharing, knowledge construction, and knowledge building. The dataset was taken from Knowledge Forum® databases in the Knowledge Building Teacher Network in Hong Kong, and included three discussion views created for different classes: Grade 5 Science, Grade 10 Visual Arts, and Grade 10 Liberal Studies. We used a combination of qualitative coding and narrative analysis as well as teachers’ understanding of online discourse to analyze student discussions. Nine discourse patterns were identified. These patterns revealed a variety of ways in which students go about their collaborative interactions online and demonstrated how and why students succeed or fail in sustaining collaborative interactions. This study extended the three modes of online discourse and developed different discourse patterns, which are efforts to provide instructional guidance. The implications of supporting productive discourse and the enactment of CSCL innovations in classrooms are discussed. 相似文献
99.
100.
Tan S Chan WM Wai MS Hui LK Hui VW James AE Yeung LY Yew DT 《Microscopy research and technique》2011,74(12):1192-1198
Different doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg) were injected i.p. (I.P.), respectively, to male ICR mice to determine the optimal dosage for chronic administration. At and above 40 mg/kg I.P. injection, mice had almost no hindlimb movement during swimming test. Subsequently, 30 mg/kg was used as the dose for the study in the toxicity of long-term ketamine administration on urinary bladder and sperm motility. The treatment group were subdivided into two (n = 10 each group); one received daily ketamine treatment i.p. for 3 months and another group for 6 months. Corresponding number of mice in control groups (n = 5 each group) received saline injection instead of ketamine. Terminal dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) study and Sirius red staining were carried out on the sectioned slides of the urinary bladders to study the degree of apoptosis in both epithelium and muscular layers of the urinary bladder and the relative thickness of the muscular layers in this organ was also computed. Apoptosis in the bladder epithelium was observed initially in the 3-month ketamine treated mice and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the 3-month and 6-month ketamine treated mice and the control. The relative thickness of muscular layers in the bladder wall also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when the 6-month treated mice and the control were compared. Sirius red staining revealed increase of collagen in the urinary bladder of the treated mice, most evidently 6 months after ketamine treatment. In addition, the sperm motility was studied and there was a statistically significant difference between the control and ketamine treated groups in the percentages of sperms which were motile (P < 0.05). This suggested that the chronic administration of ketamine affected the genital system as well. 相似文献