Chemical-viral co-carcinogenesis: requirement for leukemia virus expression in accelerated transformation

The essential role of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) multiplication in viral-chemical co-carcinogenesis was investigated by the use of ethidium bromide (EtBr) as an inhibitor of viral complementary DNA (cDNA) integration in the host genome. EtBr inhibited co-carcinogenic transformation when present at the time of RLV inoculation but was ineffective when added to preinfected cells. Inhibitors of protein synthesis, puromycin and cyclohexamide also inhibited co-carcinogenic transformation of chronically infected cells. Purified rat interferon used at a concentration which inhibited 85% of RLV production did not modify the course of co-carcinogenic transformation. The implications of these observations in terms of the possible role of the virus-specific protein (s) in the co-carcinogenic process are discussed.     

Cross-modal transfer in infants: Relationship to prematurity and socioeconomic background.

Compared 94 full-term middle class, full-term lower-class, and preterm infants on cross-modal and visual intramodal functioning. In the cross-modal tasks, infants were familiarized either orally or tactually; in the intramodal tasks they were familiarized visually. Visual recognition memory was assessed by the paried-comparison technique. All 3 groups demonstrated comparable visual–visual intramodal functioning, whereas only the full-term, middle-class group was able to transfer information across modalities. Failure in cross-modal transfer was discussed from the perspective of (a) a specific deficit in tactual sensory processing, (b) a general deficit in rate of information processing, and (c) a deficit in sensory integration per se. It is suggested that cross-modal functioning in infants may provide a sensitive index for assessing cognitive deficit in the early years. (53 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)