Psychiatric illness and family support in children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis: a controlled study

BACKGROUND: In the adult respiratory distress syndrome, nitric oxide (NO) inhalation improves oxygenation through reducing ventilation-perfusion mismatching, but detailed information on the pulmonary effects of NO inhalation in septic shock is scarce. The present study investigated the effects of inhaled NO on alveolar dead space (Vdalv) and venous admixture as well as on respiratory system compliance (Crs) and respiratory system resistance (Rrs) in a porcine model of septic shock. Protective effects of NO are discussed. METHODS: Thirteen anaesthetised and ventilated pigs were given an infusion of endotoxin for an observation time of 220 min to induce acute lung injury (ALI). In the NO-early group (n=6), an inhalation of 60 ppm NO was started simultaneously with the endotoxin infusion and continued for 190 min. In 7 control/NO-late animals, 60 ppm NO was administered for 30 min following 190 min of endotoxin infusion. Haemodynamics, single-breath CO2-, pressure-, and flow signals were recorded. RESULTS: Endotoxin induced haemoconcentration, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and a decrease in Crs, while venous admixture, Vdalv, and Rrs increased. In the NO-early group, the pulmonary vasoconstriction was attenuated, no increase in pulmonary venous admixture or in Vdalv was seen before cessation of NO, and the improvements in oxygenation outlasted the NO inhalation. In the control/NO-late group, the NO inhalation reversed the changes in dead space and venous admixture. NO had no effect on the changes in respiratory mechanics. CONCLUSION: In porcine ALI, 60 ppm NO diminishes pulmonary vasoconstriction and improves gas exchange by reducing pulmonary venous admixture and alveolar dead space, but does not prevent a fall in Crs. NO inhalation may help prevent long-lasting pulmonary failure.     

Polyanion-induced alpha-helical structure of a synthetic 23-residue peptide representing the lysine-rich segment of the N-terminal extension of yeast cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase

Conformational studies were performed on the synthetic tricosapeptide N-acetyl-SKKALKKLQKEQEKQRKKEERAL-amide, representing the highly basic segment (residues 30-52) of the N-terminal extension of yeast cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Circular dichroism experiments show that, in aqueous solution at neutral pH, the peptide adopts a random conformation. The effects of pH, temperature, addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE), and titration with polyanions on the conformation of the peptide were studied. In TFE or in the presence of an equimolar concentration of (phosphate)18, the peptide adopts a 100% alpha-helical conformation. A partially alpha-helical conformation is induced by (phosphate)4 or d(pT)8 (respectively 40% and 35% helical content). Raising the pH in aqueous solution promotes 75% alpha-helicity, with a transition pK of 9.9 reflecting deprotonation of lysine residues. On the basis of these results, nuclear magnetic resonance studies were carried out in TFE as well as in aqueous solution in the presence of (phosphate)18, to determine the structure of the molecule. Complete 1H resonance assignments were obtained by conventional two-dimensional NMR techniques. A total of 138 interproton constraints derived from NOESY experiments were used to calculate the three-dimensional structure by a two-stage distance geometry/simulated annealing procedure. The two deduced structures were highly similar and show that nine cationic residues are segregated on one face of a helical structure, providing an ideal polycationic interface for binding to polyanionic surfaces.     

Species differences in regional patterns of 3H-8-OH-DPAT and 3H-zolpidem binding in the rat and human brain

A series of brief office counseling interventions for the prevention and treatment of violence is reviewed in this article. Primary prevention strategies throughout the pediatric age span cover topics from gun storage to nonviolent handling of a potential street fight. Secondary prevention strategies deal with patients who have been injured by violence or patients who engage in street violence, weapon carrying, or dating violence.     

"Facilitative and disruptive effects of prior exposure to shock on subsequent avoidance performance": Erratum.

Reports an error in "Facilitative and disruptive effects of prior exposure to shock on subsequent avoidance performance" by H. Anisman and T. Waller (Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1972[Jan], Vol 78[1], 113-122). On page 114, the sentence beginning on Line 56, Column 2, should read: "Thirty seconds after placement in the compartment one half of the rats were given 10 CS (light and tone) presentations in which the CS was 9 sec. in duration, while the remaining rats received 10 CS-US presentations in which the US was a 1-ma. shock (constant current, ac) 2 sec. in duration." (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1972-22565-001.) Subjected 40 male rats from each of 5 strains to 10 signaled inescapable 1-ma shock presentations. Shock facilitated subsequent 1-way and shuttle-avoidance performance (1-ma shock) in Charles River hooded, Wistar, Holtzman, and Sasco Ss, but did not significantly affect avoidance learning in Sprague-Dawley Ss. A 2nd experiment employing 120 male Holtzman rats indicated that inescapable shock of 1 ma. facilitated subsequent 1-way and shuttle-avoidance performance, while exposure to shock of 2 ma. facilitated 1-way and interfered with shuttle-avoidance performance. Movement ratings recorded during both CS and intershock intervals in pretraining were found to be good predictors of subsequent avoidance performance in preshocked Ss. Results are interpreted in terms of response repertoire changes produced by shock in conjunction with the defense reaction necessary in acquiring the avoidance response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distribution of HEOD (dieldrin) in mammals: III. Transport--transfer

A mathematical model simulating the blood transport and tissue residue distributions of the highly toxic and highly lipid soluble pesticide dieldrin in mammals is presented. This model is a significant improvement over our previously published preliminary model for dieldrin distribution in mammals. The assumptions and working hypotheses of the model are presented and used in generating a set of differential equations based upon mass balance principles. Two simulation cases are examined. The first simply demonstrates the gross features of: 1) Transport limiting conditions; 2) equal transport-equal membrane transfer conditions, and 3) membrane transfer limit conditions. The second studies a single tissue (the blood-brain barrier case) example of the above mentioned conditions. All simulations made were conducted for a hypothetical mature male rate of the average Wistar type eating food ad lib.     

Effect of maturity on the fatty acid composition of eight varieties of peanuts grown at perkins,Oklahoma in 1968

Eight varieties of peanuts were grown under measured field conditions. Seed obtained at five successive harvest dates and separated into three maturity levels were analyzed for fatty acid composition of oil. Mature peanuts were mostly higher in stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) acids, and lower in linoleic (18:2), arachidic (20:0) and behenic (22:0) acids. Oleic-linoleic ratios, which are correlated with oil stability, were higher in mature peanuts. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Houston, May 1971. Journal Paper No. 1115 of the Georgia Experiment Station and No. 2326 of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Nalidixic acid and macromolecular metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis: effects on protein synthesis

A study on the effect of nalidixic acid on macromolecular metabolism, particularly of protein, in Tetrahymena pyriformis was performed. It was shown that the compound is a potent inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis for this organism. A conspicuous breakdown of polysomes, accompanied by the accumulation of 80S ribosomes, occurred in cells incubated for 10 min with the drug; polysome formation was prevented. The accumulating 80S particles were shown to be run-off ribosomal units. The incorporation of amino acids by a cell-free system is not affected by nalidixic acid. In nonproliferating cells the incorporation was also not prevented, unless the cells were previously incubated with the drug. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of nalidixic acid in T. pyriformis.     

A new biomedical mechanical impedance bridge

A system is described which measures directly the driving-point force, velocity and complex mechanical impedance of biological, non-biological and viscoelastic materials and structures. The system uses a single transducer and is capable of measuring the velocity responses to sinusoidal, linear, step and other forcing functions.