E-Discovery: Identifying and Mitigating Security Risks during Litigation

When producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to lawsuits, businesses face several security risks as well as legal requirements they must satisfy. Customized document management programs and e-discovery policies are key tools in protecting against inadvertent disclosure as well as meeting business and legal needs.     

文件中色彩、字形和字体变化的显著突出作用--在不同文化背景下的调查

文章模拟决策者在制定决策过程中的基本工作,如浏览、分类、理解、记忆等,测定色彩、字形和字体对提高工作质量和效率的作用.该研究是在东、西方两种文化中进行的,将对跨文化间制作文本文件及网页设计有较大帮助.结果表明,色彩能提高浏览和分类的速度和准确度;能提高理解的速度,比字形和字体更能提高理解的准确度.两组的实验结果是相同的.但没有得出色彩在提高记忆上胜过其他3项的证据.     

Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set

MODIS primary production products (MOD17) are the first regular, near-real-time data sets for repeated monitoring of vegetation primary production on vegetated land at 1-km resolution at an 8-day interval. But both the inconsistent spatial resolution between the gridded meteorological data and MODIS pixels, and the cloud-contaminated MODIS FPAR/LAI (MOD15A2) retrievals can introduce considerable errors to Collection4 primary production (denoted as C4 MOD17) results. Here, we aim to rectify these problems through reprocessing key inputs to MODIS primary vegetation productivity algorithm, resulting in improved Collection5 MOD17 (here denoted as C5 MOD17) estimates. This was accomplished by spatial interpolation of the coarse resolution meteorological data input and with temporal filling of cloud-contaminated MOD15A2 data. Furthermore, we modified the Biome Parameter Look-Up Table (BPLUT) based on recent synthesized NPP data and some observed GPP derived from some flux tower measurements to keep up with the improvements in upstream inputs. Because MOD17 is one of the down-stream MODIS land products, the performance of the algorithm can be largely influenced by the uncertainties from upstream inputs, such as land cover, FPAR/LAI, the meteorological data, and algorithm itself. MODIS GPP fits well with GPP derived from 12 flux towers over North America. Globally, the 3-year MOD17 NPP is comparable to the Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison (EMDI) NPP data set, and global total MODIS GPP and NPP are inversely related to the observed atmospheric CO₂ growth rates, and MEI index, indicating MOD17 are reliable products. From 2001 to 2003, mean global total GPP and NPP estimated by MODIS are 109.29 Pg C/year and 56.02 Pg C/year, respectively. Based on this research, the improved global MODIS primary production data set is now ready for monitoring ecological conditions, natural resources and environmental changes.     

Growth of L. monocytogenes strain F2365 on ready-to-eat turkey meat does not enhance gastrointestinal listeriosis in intragastrically inoculated A/J mice

There have been significant outbreaks of listeriosis associated with consumption of contaminated ready-to-eat (RTE) turkey meat products. In this study, we investigated whether growth on RTE deli turkey meat sends environmental signals to listerial cells that makes them more virulent in the gastrointestinal tract of mice. L. Listeria monocytogenes strain F2365 grew from a starting inoculum of 10(3) CFU/mL to final numbers of 10(8)-10(9) CFU/mL (within 12 days at 10 degrees C) when inoculated onto sliced processed, or whole muscle, turkey breast, or into emulsified whole turkey breast. We did not observe any difference in the numbers of CFU recovered from the spleens and livers of A/J mice inoculated intragastrically with L. monocytogenes grown on sliced turkey meat, in emulsified turkey meat, or in brain heart infusion broth. These results suggest that growth on RTE sliced deli turkey, or in RTE emulsified deli turkey, does not enhance the ability of L. monocytogenes F2365 to cause gastrointestinal listeriosis in intragastrically challenged A/J mice.     

Neuroanatomical and cognitive mediators of age-related differences in perceptual priming and learning.

Our objectives were to assess age differences in perceptual repetition priming and perceptual skill learning and to determine whether they are mediated by cognitive resources and regional cerebral volume differences. Fragmented picture identification paradigm allows the study of both priming and learning within the same task. The authors presented this task to 169 adults (ages 18–80), assessed working memory and fluid intelligence, and measured brain volumes of regions that were deemed relevant to those cognitive skills. The data were analyzed within a hierarchical path modeling framework. In addition to finding age-related decrease in both perceptual priming and learning, the authors observed several dissociations with regards to their neural and cognitive mediators. Larger visual cortex volume was associated with greater repetition priming, but not perceptual skill learning, and neither process depended upon hippocampal volume. In contrast, the volumes of the prefrontal gray and white matter were differentially related to both processes via direct and indirect effects of cognitive resources. The results indicate that age-related differences in perceptual priming and skill learning have dissociable cognitive and neural correlates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Encryption: Security Considerations for Portable Media Devices

With the proliferation of removable media devices, such as iPods and USB drives, large amounts of an organization's sensitive data can easily be removed. The author explores the complexities of protecting networks against removable media, including guidelines for purchasing encryption software. This article examines how to develop portable and removable media security policies, as well as how encryption can assist in authenticating, authorizing, and auditing removable media devices.     

A generalized setting for fixpoint theory

The mathematical semantics of programming languages is based largely on certain algebraic structures, usually complete lattices or complete partial orders. The usefulness of these structures is based on the existence of fixpoints of functions defined on the structures, and the fact that these classes of structures are closed under such operations as taking cross-products, disjoint unions or function spaces.This paper proposes more general versions of these structures which still retain the above desirable properties. Thus the techniques of mathematical semantics should become applicable in a wider context than heretofore.One important application is given, which in fact motivated the whole development. It is shown that in the generalized setting the existence of unique minimal solutions for recursive definitions of functions are guaranteed without having to resort to informal arguments of any sort.     

Evaluation of metal mirrors for high power applications by multithreshold damage analysis

Development of damage-resistant mirrors for high power, pulsed infrared laser applications depends on accurate identification of dominant failure modes and their origin. Previous work indicates that metal surfaces are usually subject to plastic deformation, pitting, or Other effects which may degrade reflective properties long before laser-induced melting occurs. Here we examine file relationship between mirror preparation and thresholds for the various types of damage. Surface finishing methods such as polishing, precision diamond-turning and sputter-cleaning in ultrahigh vacuum are evaluated. Examples of different materials, fabrication methods, and the effects of oxidation and contamination are also included.