Improved compressed sensing reconstruction for $$^{19}$$ F magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compressed sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of undersampled sparse data sets. Thus,...     

Mr imaging of avascular femoral head necrosis: pre- and postoperative studies

Forty-six patients with suspected avascular necrosis of the femoral head were examined by T2- and T1-weighted sequences before and after intravenous infusion of Gd-DTPA. Both sides were involved in 12 cases. The classification was done according to Ficat [1]. In early stages and in postoperative studies a correlation of signal intensity increase after infusion of Gd-DTPA and clinical symptoms was found. Contrast enhancement of the plain low signal intensity area or of the implanted graft on T1-weighted images was assumed vascularized or vital components in seven cases of Ficat I and in 13 postoperative studies. Contrawise, in seven patients with severe postoperative symptoms we found no contrast enhancement indicating avascular regions.     

考虑周期特性的电力市场稳定性分析

研究了电力市场的稳定性问题。并根据电力市场的物理特性，在模型中考虑了电能供需的同时性、市场需求的周期性以及市场中非连续的投标竞价方式，将市场稳定问题转化为一个非线性、非自治的周期差分系统的稳定问题。为了研究市场的稳定条件，证明了差分系统收敛于唯一有界周期解的条件，并据此提出了系统最终收敛边界的估计公式。基于文中提出的模型和引理，给出了电力市场稳定的一个充分条件以及电价最终收敛边界的估计公式，并以算例仿真验证了其结论的正确性。     

静态安全约束下基于Benders分解算法的可用传输容量计算

在电力市场环境下，可用传输容量(ATC)是反映输电线路可用于交易的剩余容量的重要指标。文中以最优潮流为基础，采用Benders分解方法将考虑静态安全约束的ATC计算问题分解为一个基态主问题和一系列与各预想事故有关的子问题。主问题用来处理基态潮流和相应约束以及由子问题所返回的Benders割(cut)约束，而各子问题用来处理各预想事故和形成相应的静态安全约束。文章给出了相应的数学模型，并提出了两种改进的求解策略。4节点和IEEE30节点系统的计算结果表明了该方法和求解策略的有效性。     

An Experimental Workflow for Studying Barrier Integrity,Permeability, and Tight Junction Composition and Localization in a Single Endothelial Cell Monolayer: Proof of Concept

Endothelial and epithelial barrier function is crucial for the maintenance of physiological processes. The barrier paracellular permeability depends on the composition and spatial distribution of the cell-to-cell tight junctions (TJ). Here, we provide an experimental workflow that yields several layers of physiological data in the setting of a single endothelial cell monolayer. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown on Transwell filters. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and 10 kDa FITC dextran flux were measured using Alanyl-Glutamine (AlaGln) as a paracellular barrier modulator. Single monolayers were immunolabelled for Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-5 (CLDN5) and used for automated immunofluorescence imaging. Finally, the same monolayers were used for single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) of ZO-1 and CLDN5 at the nanoscale for spatial clustering analysis. The TER increased and the paracellular dextran flux decreased after the application of AlaGln and these functional changes of the monolayer were mediated by an increase in the ZO-1 and CLDN5 abundance in the cell–cell interface. At the nanoscale level, the functional and protein abundance data were accompanied by non-random increased clustering of CLDN5. Our experimental workflow provides multiple data from a single monolayer and has wide applicability in the setting of paracellular studies in endothelia and epithelia.     

Comparative Hydrodynamic Analysis of Narrow and Pilot‐Scale Bubble Columns with Internals

For a stable operation of exothermic processes in bubble column reactors, an appropriate heat control is required, e.g., through dense internal tube bundle heat exchangers. Their impact on hydrodynamic characteristics and scaling approaches is studied for columns of different scales. Two different column dimensions (DN100 and DN400) were equipped with two common tube patterns of triangular and square pitches to study local fluid dynamics. Based on geometrical tube bundle scaling quantities, hydrodynamic similarity as a scale‐up criterion with respect to average holdups, phase distributions, and local gas structures can be reached.     

Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications

Antivitamins represent a broad class of compounds that counteract the essential effects of vitamins. The symptoms triggered by such antinutritional factors resemble those of vitamin deficiencies, but can be successfully reversed by treating patients with the intact vitamin. Despite being undesirable for healthy organisms, the toxicities of these compounds present considerable interest for biological and medicinal purposes. Indeed, antivitamins played fundamental roles in the development of pioneering antibiotic and antiproliferative drugs, such as prontosil and aminopterin. Their development and optimisation were made possible by the study, throughout the 20th century, of the vitamins' and antivitamins' functions in metabolic processes. However, even with this thorough knowledge, commercialised antivitamin‐based drugs are still nowadays limited to antagonists of vitamins B₉ and K. The antivitamin field thus still needs to be explored more intensely, in view of the outstanding therapeutic success exhibited by several antivitamin‐based medicines. Here we summarise historical achievements and discuss critically recent developments, opportunities and potential limitations of the antivitamin approach, with a special focus on antivitamins K, B₉ and B₁₂.