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81.
Vadym Burchak Fritz Koch Leonard Siebler Sonja Haase Verena K. Horner Xenia Kempter G. Bjrn Stark Ute Schepers Alisa Grimm Stefan Zimmermann Peter Koltay Sandra Strassburg Günter Finkenzeller Filip Simunovic Florian Lampert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Introduction: Three-dimensional bioprinting can be considered as an advancement of the classical tissue engineering concept. For bioprinting, cells have to be dispersed in hydrogels. Recently, a novel semi-synthetic thiolene hydrogel system based on norbornene-functionalized gelatin (GelNB) and thiolated gelatin (GelS) was described that resulted in the photoclick hydrogel GelNB/GelS. In this study, we evaluated the printability and biocompatibility of this hydrogel system towards adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Methods: GelNB/GelS was synthesized with three different crosslinking densities (low, medium and high), resulting in different mechanical properties with moduli of elasticity between 206 Pa and 1383 Pa. These hydrogels were tested for their biocompatibility towards ASCs in terms of their viability, proliferation and differentiation. The extrusion-based bioprinting of ASCs in GelNB/GelS-high was performed to manufacture three-dimensional cubic constructs. Results: All three hydrogels supported the viability, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs to a similar extent. The adipogenic differentiation of ASCs was better supported by the softer hydrogel (GelNB/GelS-low), whereas the osteogenic differentiation was more pronounced in the harder hydrogel (GelNB/GelS-high), indicating that the differentiation fate of ASCs can be influenced via the adaption of the mechanical properties of the GelNB/GelS system. After the ex vivo chondrogenic differentiation and subcutaneous implantation of the bioprinted construct into immunocompromised mice, the production of negatively charged sulfated proteoglycans could be observed with only minimal inflammatory signs in the implanted material. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the GelNB/GelS hydrogels are very well suited for the bioprinting of ASCs and may represent attractive hydrogels for subsequent in vivo tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
82.
83.
Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are considered to be an indirect index of hyperinsulinemia, predicting the later onset of diabetes mellitus type 2. In the insulin resistance state and in the presence of an increased pancreatic beta-cell demand (e.g. obesity) both absolute and relative increases in proinsulin secretion occur. In the present study we investigated the correlation between SHBG and pancreatic beta-cell secretion in men with different body compositions. Eighteen young men (30.0 +/- 2.4 years) with normal glucose tolerance and body mass indexes (BMI) ranging from 22.6 to 43.2 kg/m2 were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and baseline and 120-min blood samples were used to determine insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide by specific immunoassays. Baseline SHBG values were significantly correlated with baseline insulin (r = -0.58, P < 0.05), proinsulin (r = -0.47, P < 0.05), C-peptide (r = -0.55, P < 0.05) and also with proinsulin at 120 min after glucose load (r = -0.58, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that proinsulin values at 120 min were the strongest predictor of SHBG (r = -0.58, P < 0.05). When subjects were divided into obese (BMI > 28 kg/m2, N = 8) and nonobese (BMI < or = 25 kg/m2, N = 10) groups, significantly lower levels of SHBG were found in the obese subjects. The obese group had significantly higher baseline proinsulin, C-peptide and 120-min proinsulin and insulin levels. For the first time using a specific assay for insulin determination, a strong inverse correlation between insulinemia and SHBG levels was confirmed. The finding of a strong negative correlation between SHBG levels and pancreatic beta-cell secretion, mainly for the 120-min post-glucose load proinsulin levels, reinforces the concept that low SHBG levels are a suitable marker of increased pancreatic beta-cell demand. 相似文献
84.
Zhi-Chang Wang Peter Gerstel Gerhard Kaiser Joachim Bill Fritz Aldinger 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(10):2709-2712
A "green" route to ultrahigh-temperature Si–B–C–N ceramic from vacuum-degassing waste gas of polyborosilazane {B[C2 H4 Si(CH3 )NH]3 } n (T2-1) has been developed. After gas-to-gel transformation, an amorphous ceramic Si5.3 B1.0 C19 N3.7 was derived from the gel by dehydrocoupling and polymer-to-ceramic transformation. The ceramic started to form a nanostructure at 1700°C and resisted thermal degradation up to 2200°C in argon. This suggests that vacuum-degassing waste gases of polymer precursors may be perfect raw materials for various advanced ceramics. 相似文献
85.
In psychological measurement it is important to determine when a particular examinee's test or scale score provides an invalid measure of the trait or attitude being assessed. In this article we present several quantitative indices that have been found to effectively identify some types of inappropriate scores. These measures, termed appropriateness indices, are all derived from item response theory. They are computed directly from the item responses that are combined to form the test or scale of interest; information from other scales or tests is not needed. A decision-theoretic approach to the use of appropriateness indices in selection decisions and theoretical research is introduced. An example is then presented to illustrate how researchers can use appropriateness indices. Finally, we discuss policy options that are available for dealing with individuals who are identified as having inappropriate scores. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
86.
The preparation of thioethers by S-alkylation of various thiols with alkyl halides under solvent-free reaction conditions using potassium fluoride on alumina (KF/Al2O3) as a solid catalyst has been investigated in detail with respect to three different modes of reaction activation (ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, and conventional heating) for obtaining maximum yield of the thioether. The importance of KF/Al2O3 as a particularly efficient catalyst was corroborated for all three modes of reaction activation, although the reaction time was found to be strongly dependent on the mode of activation. The yield of the thioethers was also found to depend on the amount of the solid catalyst relative to the equimolar amounts of the two reactants. 相似文献
87.
M. Pfeiffer A. Beyer B. Plnnigs A. Nollau T. Fritz K. Leo D. Schlettwein S. Hiller D. Whrle 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2000,63(1):83
We present a systematic study on doping of vanadyl- and zinc-pathalocyanine by a fully fluorinated form of tetracyano-quinodimethane as an example of controlled doping of thin organic films by cosublimation of matrix and dopant. The films are characterized in situ by temperature dependent Seebeck and conductivity measurements. We observe a drastic increase of conductivity and a corresponding shift of the Fermi level towards the valence states with increasing dopant concentration. We thus conclude that doping has the potential of both reducing the series resistance and increasing the photovoltage of organic solar cells. As a first step to exploit this potential, we present two different ways of preparing diodes with rectification ratios in excess of 104 using doped phthalocyanines. By adding an undoped interlayer between the contact and the doped layer, we have produced diodes which work already in the strict absence of oxygen and are stable in air. To increase the efficiency of charge carrier generation in photovoltaic cells, we need to use photoactive donor–acceptor-heterojunctions. We present here first examples of pn- and pin-type heterojunctions combining p-doped and nominally undoped layers. 相似文献
88.
Daniel Röhnert Fritz Phillipp Helfried Reuther Till Weber Egbert Wessel Michael Schütze 《Oxidation of Metals》2007,68(5-6):271-293
The initial stages of the metal-dusting process on Alloy 800 at 620 °C were investigated by light optical microscopy, RAMAN
spectroscopy, atomic-force microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission-electron microscopy and electron back-scatter
diffraction. As it turned out the incubation period for metal-dusting is characterized by simultaneous formation of a heterogeneously
growing oxide scale and deposition of carbon. The material surface shows different tarnish colors depending on the substrate-grain
orientation with different susceptibility to the beginning of metal-dusting attack. “Low-index” grains were not attacked within
the times investigated while the other grain orientations showed pitting. Carbon is evidently incorporated into the oxide
scale from the very beginning of exposure with different intensities depending on the underlying substrate-grain orientation
leading to differences in the tarnish colors. As a consequence carbides are formed even underneath “dense” oxide layers. Evidently
metal-dusting attack starts at positions of the oxide scale where “higher carbon concentrations” are present. 相似文献
89.
Helfried Näfe Ruhul Amin Fritz Aldinger 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(10):3224-3226
The literature about the thermodynamic properties of NaNbO3 and Na3 NbO4 has mainly been governed by estimations. The only exceptions are two current calorimetric investigations on the standard enthalpy of formation of NaNbO3 and, in addition, an old and inappropriately evaluated study on the carbon dioxide equilibrium gas pressure over the phase mixture NaNbO3 /Na3 NbO4 /Na2 CO3 . Upon reevaluating the latter results, first experimentally proven data on the difference of the Gibbs-free energies have been obtained (715°–822°C): 相似文献
90.
Hans Erhorn Tomasz Mroz Ove Mørck Fritz Schmidt Lorenz Schoff Kirsten Engelund Thomsen 《Energy and Buildings》2008,40(4):419-428
Educational buildings such as kindergartens, schools and universities display many similar design, operation and maintenance features in most countries. The two most noteworthy similarities amongst these building types are the high energy consumption and the necessity for retrofitting many buildings within this sector. However, studies have shown that during retrofit, energy saving measures are only rarely applied, because the decision-makers lack knowledge of investments and the efficiency of potential energy saving measures. The main goal of the International Energy Agency ECBCS Annex 36 is to provide the educational building decision-makers with sufficient data, information and tools to improve their learning and teaching environments by improving the energy efficiency of their buildings. 相似文献