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141.
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The structure and mechanical properties of metallic nanocrystals 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Metallic nanocrystals are ultrafine-grained polycrystalline solids with grain sizes in the range of 1 to 10 nm in at least
one dimension. Because of the extremely small dimensions, a large fraction of the atoms in these materials is located at the
grain boundaries, and thus, they possess novel, and often improved, properties over those of conventional polycrystalline
or glassy materials. In comparison to more conventional materials, nanocrystalline materials show a reduced density; increased
thermal expansion, specific heat, and strength; a supermodulus effect; and extremely high diffusion rates. Traditionally brittle
materials can be made ductile by nano-structure processing. At present, there is considerabe confusion on the nature of the
micro-structure and mechanical properties of the nanocrystalline materials, especially of the equiaxed (three-dimensional,
3-D) type. The present article reviews the current understanding of nanocrystals and evaluates the data available on structure
and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals.
This invited overview is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Structure and Properties of Fine and Ultrafine Particles,
Surfaces and Interfaces” presesnted as part of the 1989 Fall Meeting of TMS, October 1–5, 1989, in Indianapolis, IN, under
the auspices of the Structures Committee of ASM/MSD. 相似文献
144.
S. B. Bhaduri Ph.D. F. H. Froes Ph.D. 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》1991,43(5):16-22
In recent years, the pace of developments in structural ceramics has accelerated, bringing both monolithic and composite materials closer to broad application. Although an improved scientific understanding of these materials has led to substantial advancements, their inherent brittleness remains a major challenge to use in demanding applications. There are several methods under study that may enable the materials’ properties to be mastered, but costs will have to be brought in line with competing materials to ensure widespread use. 相似文献
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147.
P. B. Trivedi S. N. Patankar F. H. Froes E. G. Baburaj 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2002,340(1-2):231-235
While processing Y2O3 dispersed γ-TiAl, Y2O3 particles which dissolved during hot isostatic pressing (HIP’ing) were found to precipitate during the heat treatment in the form of a mixed Al–Y oxide. To understand the chemical reaction that occurs between Y2O3 and γ-TiAl during the heat treatment cycle, a powder mixture comprising of γ-TiAl and 10 wt.% Y2O3 was mechanically alloyed (MA’d) for 8 h and the milled powder was subjected to differential thermal analysis (DTA) at 1150 °C prior to analyzing it using X-ray diffraction technique. The present study clearly demonstrates that aluminum in the combined form either as γ-TiAl or Al2O3 reacts in a similar manner with Y2O3 when milled and heat treated at 1150 °C. In either case there is formation of Al2Y4O9 (2Y2O3.Al2O3). 相似文献
148.
W. A. Baeslack III Ph.D. F. H. Froes Ph.D. 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》1995,47(3):13-15
The typically specialized property combinations associated with advanced materials, combined with a desire for monolithic structures to maximize efficiency and performance, requires their effective joining. Through proper joining process selection and parameter optimization, both similar and ultimately dissimilar combinations of materials can be joined to produce high-performance components and systems. 相似文献
149.
F.H. Froes 《金属学报(英文版)》1996,9(6):531-536
ADVANCEDSYNTHESISOFLIGHTMETALSF.H.Froes(IMAP,UniversityofIdaho,Moscow,ID838443026,USAManuscriptreceived26August1996)Abstract:... 相似文献
150.
During mechanical alloying variables such as the type of mill,milling intensity,milling time,milling at-mosphere and ball-to-powder weight ratio(BPR)affect the morphology and constitution of the product.The effect of milling time,milling atmosphere and BPR on the nature of the product formed in mechanical-ly alloyed pure Ti and blended elemental binary Ti-Al,and ternary Ti-AI-Nb alloy powders was described.Mechanical alloying of pure titanium results,after long milling times,in the formation of an fcc phase.Inthe binary alloy,a solid solution of aluminum in titanium,an amorphous phase,and a fcc phase form withincreasing milling time.The fcc phase,which is probably a result of TiN formation,occurs more rapidly inair or nitrogen than in an inert atmosphere.Formation of the B2 phase in the ternary alloys depends bothon alloy composition and the milling atmosphere,with 100% formation in all atmospheres in Ti-25Al-25Nbbut not in Ti-24Al-11Nb,and an inert atmosphere favoring formation.The times required for the formationof the different phases decrease as the BPR increases;but their sequence is unaffected.Based on this infor-mation,“milling maps”which describe phase formation as a function of the BPR and milling time are con-structed.Contamination from the milling balls increased as the BPR was increased. 相似文献