全文获取类型
收费全文 | 287146篇 |
免费 | 3524篇 |
国内免费 | 814篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5030篇 |
综合类 | 162篇 |
化学工业 | 45404篇 |
金属工艺 | 11895篇 |
机械仪表 | 8604篇 |
建筑科学 | 6846篇 |
矿业工程 | 1834篇 |
能源动力 | 6734篇 |
轻工业 | 25907篇 |
水利工程 | 3190篇 |
石油天然气 | 7086篇 |
武器工业 | 16篇 |
无线电 | 31449篇 |
一般工业技术 | 56933篇 |
冶金工业 | 51371篇 |
原子能技术 | 7532篇 |
自动化技术 | 21491篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2097篇 |
2018年 | 3672篇 |
2017年 | 3622篇 |
2016年 | 3903篇 |
2015年 | 2464篇 |
2014年 | 4230篇 |
2013年 | 12019篇 |
2012年 | 6826篇 |
2011年 | 9213篇 |
2010年 | 7565篇 |
2009年 | 8643篇 |
2008年 | 8932篇 |
2007年 | 8814篇 |
2006年 | 7826篇 |
2005年 | 7311篇 |
2004年 | 6801篇 |
2003年 | 6555篇 |
2002年 | 6627篇 |
2001年 | 6498篇 |
2000年 | 6176篇 |
1999年 | 6229篇 |
1998年 | 14753篇 |
1997年 | 11033篇 |
1996年 | 8567篇 |
1995年 | 6524篇 |
1994年 | 5915篇 |
1993年 | 5787篇 |
1992年 | 4479篇 |
1991年 | 4441篇 |
1990年 | 4284篇 |
1989年 | 4301篇 |
1988年 | 4255篇 |
1987年 | 3598篇 |
1986年 | 3595篇 |
1985年 | 4161篇 |
1984年 | 3965篇 |
1983年 | 3620篇 |
1982年 | 3422篇 |
1981年 | 3558篇 |
1980年 | 3422篇 |
1979年 | 3365篇 |
1978年 | 3445篇 |
1977年 | 3923篇 |
1976年 | 5038篇 |
1975年 | 3158篇 |
1974年 | 3007篇 |
1973年 | 3024篇 |
1972年 | 2651篇 |
1971年 | 2473篇 |
1970年 | 2104篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
261.
H.S. Seo Y.G. Choi B.J. Park D.H. Cho K.H. Kim 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2003,15(9):1198-1200
A flat signal gain over in the entire C- and L-bands by erbium (Er) ions' radiative transition and stimulated Raman scattering in an Er-doped germano-silica fiber can be obtained if proper values of the concentration of Er and background loss in a fiber core are obtained during the fiber fabrication process. The optimized conditions for the flat C- and L-band gain are analyzed as functions of Er concentrations. Even for a low-gain value provided by a germano-silica core fiber with a low Er concentration and an optimum fiber length, a relatively low pump is required to obtain the flat gain band. 相似文献
262.
In studying a series of fibre samples spun in steady-state conditions, the following was found: as a function of the conditions of processing Armos fibre, two structural modifications of the polymer can form; intensive crystallization of the modification corresponding to the 28.7° reflection begins in heat treatment above 220°C; above 320°C, intensive crystallization of the modification corresponding to the 14.25° reflection is observed; at 360°C, symbatic enhancement of the intensities of both reflections with a weak change in the other structural parameters of the fibre is observed. 相似文献
263.
Vassiliou I. Vavelidis K. Georgantas T. Plevridis S. Haralabidis N. Kamoulakos G. Kapnistis C. Kavadias S. Kokolakis Y. Merakos P. Rudell J.C. Yamanaka A. Bouras S. Bouras I. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2003,38(12):2221-2231
The drive for cost reduction has led to the use of CMOS technology in the implementation of highly integrated radios. This paper presents a single-chip 5-GHz fully integrated direct conversion transceiver for IEEE 802.11a WLAN systems, manufactured in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS. The IC features an innovative system architecture which takes advantage of the computing resources of the digital companion chip in order to eliminate I/Q mismatch and achieve accurately matched baseband filters. The integrated voltage-controlled oscillator and synthesizer achieve an integrated phase noise of less than 0.8/spl deg/ rms. The receiver has an overall noise figure of 5.2 dB and achieves sensitivity of -75 dBm at 54-Mb/s operation, both referred to the IC input. The transmit error vector magnitude is -33 dB at -5-dBm output power from the integrated power-amplifier driver amplifier. The transceiver occupies an area of 18.5 mm/sup 2/. 相似文献
264.
Désiré Lara; Veissier Isabelle; Després Gérard; Boissy Alain 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,118(4):363
Appraisal theories provide a framework that gives insight into emotions and could allow comparisons across species. According to these theories, events are first evaluated on their suddenness, novelty, and unpredictability. The authors examined the ability of lambs (Ovis aries) to evaluate an event according to these 3 criteria through 3 tests. The lambs responded to suddenness with a startle response coupled with an increase in heart rate and to novelty with an orientation response coupled with an increase of vagal activity. There was no clear evidence that lambs can detect the predictability of an event. Those results support the usefulness of appraisal theories to assess emotion in animals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
265.
Limited-trial Chase decoding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arico G. Weber J.H. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2003,49(11):2972-2975
Chase decoders permit flexible use of reliability information in algebraic decoding algorithms for error-correcting block codes of Hamming distance d. The least complex version of the original Chase algorithms uses roughly d/2 trials of a conventional binary decoder, after which the best decoding result is selected as the final output. On certain channels, this approach achieves asymptotically the same performance as maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding. In this correspondence, the performance of Chase-like decoders with even less trials is studied. Most strikingly, it turns out that asymptotically optimal performance can be achieved by a version which uses only about d/4 trials. 相似文献
266.
M. Ganschow C. Hellriegel E. Kneuper M. Wark C. Thiel G. Schulz‐Ekloff C. Bruchle D. Whrle 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(3):269-276
Dye‐loaded AlPO4‐5 single crystals were prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis from a batch, containing a mixture of three chromophores (Coumarin 40, Rhodamine BE50, and Oxazine 1) differing in their absorption range, molecular dimensions, and solubilities. Confocal fluorescence images reveal a spatial separation effect of the dye molecules, where the slimmer, more‐soluble dye molecule (Coumarin 40) is uniformly distributed in the body of the single crystal, and the bulky and/or less‐soluble ones (Rhodamine BE50, Oxazine 1) are situated in distinct domains. Visible spectra show good panchromatic absorption of visible light. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the presence of an energy transfer cascade of the entirely fixed dye molecules from Coumarin 40 to Oxazine 1. The transfer mechanism is predominantly radiative. 相似文献
267.
Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films with various ratios of Cu, In, and Ga were grown by codeposition of all elements in vacuum. The X-ray diffraction
study showed that the films are single-phase and possess a chalcopyrite structure with predominant [112] orientation. The
films exhibited a mirror smooth surface and had a close-packed structure composed of crystallites with clear faceting and
a transverse size of 0.1–0.3 μm. Related surface barrier structures of the (In,Ag)/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 type were obtained and their spectra of the quantum efficiency of photoconversion were studied. The obtained structures can
be used for optimization of the CIGS film technology. 相似文献
268.
The effect of thermal annealing in the temperature range T a=300–600°C of films of microcrystal-line hydrogenated silicon (μc-Si:H) lightly doped with boron on the spectral dependences of the absorption coefficient (α) at photon energies hν=0.8–2.0 eV, dark conductivity (σd), and photoconductivity (Δσph) was studied at room temperature. With increasing annealing temperature, a nonmonotonic variation of α (at hν<1.2 eV), σd, and Δσph was observed. The data obtained are attributed to a change in the concentration of electrically active impurities and formation of defects, caused by hydrogen effusion and bond restructuring at high annealing temperatures. 相似文献
269.
Previously unknown compounds AI
I(BUO5)2·nH2O (AI
I = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; n = 0-7) were synthesized. Their structure and thermal decomposition were studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. 相似文献
270.
Resilient optical networks are predominately designed to protect against single failures of fiber links. But in larger networks, operators also see dual failures. As the capacity was planned for single failures, disconnections can occur by dual failures even if enough topological connectivity is provided. In our approach the design of the network minimizes the average loss caused by dual failures, while single failures are still fully survived. High dual failure restorability is the primary aim, capacity is optimized in a second step. For WDM networks with full wavelength conversion, we formulate mixed integer linear programming models for dedicated path protection, shared (backup) path protection, and path rerouting with and without stub-release. For larger problem instances in path rerouting, we propose two heuristics. Computational results indicate that the connectivity is of much more importance for high restorability values than the overall protection capacity. Shared protection has similar restorability levels as dedicated protection while the capacity is comparable to rerouting. Rerouting surpasses the protection mechanisms in restorability and comes close to 100% dual failure survivability. Compared to single failure planning, both shared path protection and rerouting need significantly more capacity in dual failure planning. 相似文献