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991.
P. S. Koutsourelakis H. J. Pradlwarter G. I. Schuëller 《Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics》2004,19(4):409-417
The present paper is concerned with the estimation of structural reliability when a large number of random variables is present. A sampling technique which uses lines in order to probe the failure domain, is presented. The latter is employed in conjunction with a stepwise procedure which makes use of Markov Chains. The resulting algorithm exhibits accelerated convergence. 相似文献
992.
Cuddihy P. Hinman R.T. Avestruz A. Lupton E.C. Livshin G. Rodriguez J.I. Leeb S.B. Clark C.M. Horvath K.J. Volicer L. Landfeldt B. Kay J. Kummerfeld R. Quigley A. West D. Apted T. Sinclair G. Haniff D.J. Kalawsky R. Atkins D. Lewin M. Brown S.J. Shahmehri N. Aberg J. Maciuszek D. Chisalita I. 《Pervasive Computing, IEEE》2004,3(2):48-50
This issue's Works in Progress department presents six abstracts for projects that are developing interesting solutions to the elderly's quality of life challenges. The first two abstracts discuss projects that will help provide the elderly with freedom and independence by instrumenting their environments with supportive technology. The next two abstracts discuss projects building specialized user interfaces for addressing some of the challenges associated with aging, such as vision impairment. The final two abstracts present projects that will aid independence for the elderly by providing remote monitoring and assistance. 相似文献
993.
Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can enable a high data rate between the satellites. Coherence multiplexing (CM) is an attractive technique for satellite networking due to its ability to cope with the asynchronous nature of communication traffic and the dynamic changes taking place in the satellite constellation. The use of optical radiation for intersatellite links creates very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle, the vibration of the pointing system, the movement of the satellite, and the large distance between them the pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated task. The vibration of the pointing system is caused by two stochastic fundamental mechanisms: 1) tracking noises created by the electrooptic tracker and 2) vibrations created by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms and external environments. We derive mathematical models of signal, noise, the approximate signal-to-noise ratio, and the approximate bit-error rates of optical communication satellite networks as functions of the system's parameters, the number of satellites, and the vibration amplitude for frequency-shift keying coherence multiplexing (FSK-CM). Based on these models, we can calculate the negative impact of both the number of satellites and the optical terminal vibration on the system's performance. 相似文献
994.
A low phase noise silicon 18-GHz push-push VCO 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The design and measurement of a push-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) at 18.66-18.3 GHz are presented in this paper. The circuit includes two packaged silicon transistors (Siemens BFP 540F) and a microstrip resonator tuned by two GaAs varactor diodes (M/A-COM ML46580). A 360-MHz tuning range is obtained with an output power of 0-3.1 dBm. The fundamental rejection is around 17 dB for a wide range of collector bias current. The phase noise is below -103 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and below -122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz for the entire tuning bandwidth. 相似文献
995.
A sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector-laser integrated with a waveguide Franz-Keldysh modulator is investigated for high optical power applications. The EAM modulation efficiency is demonstrated to asymptotically approach a limit determined by the internal differential photodetector efficiency. Linear photocurrent and 1 dB small signal AC compression point both exceed 70 mA, indicating high saturation power. 相似文献
996.
G. G. Martin 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2004,4(1):37-39
Piston failures are not a common occurrence, but they do occur, and failure is usually associated with fatigue crack growth.
Most failures initiate at the gudgeon pin hole or in the skirt of the piston. Occasionally they fail elsewhere. In the example
covered in this paper, failure initiated in the crown and progressed down to the gudgeon pin before final failure occurred.
This paper outlines the cause and mode of failure and shows that small metallurgical discontinuities can contribute to these
failures under the right circumstances. 相似文献
997.
A model material approach to the study of fracture process zone of quasi-brittle materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new approach to study the fracture of quasi-brittle materials is introduced: the design and testing of model materials. By model material is understood a material with enlarged microstructure and which material parameters, such as stacking and mechanical properties of particles and cohesion force, can be fully controlled. In this paper a first example to the model materials approach is presented, consisting in 5 mm steel particles bonded in a precise stacking with an epoxy-based glue. It is shown how it is possible to correlate the different fracture mechanisms and ultimate peak load of the model material to the particle pair force and to the fracture process zone size. It is also seen how a quasi-brittle behaviour is produced in the presence of mechanisms that induced the crack to shift fracture planes, that is, in presence of energy dissipative mechanisms. 相似文献
998.
V. V. Vavilova V. M. Ievlev A. P. Isaenko Yu. E. Kalinin Yu. K. Kovneristyi N. A. Palii B. G. Sukhodolov V. N. Timofeev 《Inorganic Materials》2003,39(1):72-76
The effect of pulsed photon annealing with energy densities from 1.4 to 42 J/cm2 for various lengths of time on the structure of the amorphous alloy Fe79P14.2Si4.4Mn2.2V0.2 was studied by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that short-term irradiation with low energy densities leads to surface relaxation of the amorphous alloy, increases the strength of the surface layer, and reduces the internal-friction peak. Longer term photon annealing leads to crystallization of the alloy throughout the sample thickness. 相似文献
999.
1000.
U. H. Pi D. H. Kim Z. G. Khim U. Kaiser M. Liebmann A. Schwarz R. Wiesendanger 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2003,131(5-6):993-1002
We have studied vortex dynamics in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal with low density columnar defects by using a magnetic force microscope. Single crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 sample was irradiated by 1.3 GeV uranium ion to form artificial pinning centers along the crystalline c-axis. The irradiation dose corresponded to a matching field of 20 gauss. The radius of an individual vortex is approximately 140 nm, which is close to the penetration depth of this material. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) images show that intrinsic crystalline defects such as stacking fault dislocations are very effective pinning centers for vortices in addition to the pinning centers due to ion bombardment. By counting the number of vortex, we found that the flux trapped at each pinning center is a single flux quantum. At higher magnetic field, the vortex structure showed an Abrikosov lattice disturbed only by immobile vortices located at pinning centers. When increasing or decreasing the external magnetic field, the spatial distribution of vortices showed a Bean model like behavior. 相似文献