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991.
The effect of nucleator additives on the surface relief and the degree of crystallization of material intended for the dentine and enamel layers of artificial denture is considered. It is established that hydroxyapatite additive is optimal for producing the required relief in the prime and dentine layers. 相似文献
992.
Obridko I. Ginosar R. 《Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2006,14(9):1043-1047
In battery-operated portable or implantable digital devices, where battery life needs to be maximized, it is necessary to minimize not only power consumption but also energy dissipation. Typical energy optimization measures include voltage reduction and operating at the slowest possible speed. We employ additional methods, including hybrid asynchronous dynamic design to enable operating over a wide range of battery voltage, aggregating large combinational logic blocks, and transistor sizing and reordering. We demonstrate the methods on simple adders, and discuss extension to other circuits. Three novel adders are proposed and analyzed: a 2-bit pass transistor logic (PTL) adder and two dynamic 2-bit adders. Circuit simulations on a 0.18-mum process at low voltage show that leakage energy is below 1%. The proposed adders achieve up to 40% energy savings relative to previously published results, while also operating faster 相似文献
993.
I. M. Kosareva M. K. Savushkina S. A. Kabakchi S. V. Korotkevich V. M. Kudryavtsev 《Atomic Energy》2006,100(2):83-89
The concepts of specific and absolute toxicity permit distinguishing in radioactive wastes belonging to different categories
the particular components that present the greatest ecological danger at different stages of their disposal in repositories.
It is shown that transuranium elements determine the toxicity parameter of high-and medium-level wastes only 350–400 years
after initial disposal. At the present stage of operation of deep repositories, the behavior of the long-lived fission products
of 90Sr and 137Cs is most important. For low-level wastes, the chemical and not the radioactive component is most dangerous.
__________
Translated from Atomnaya énergiya,Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 86–92, February, 2006. 相似文献
994.
Mulcahy Nicholas J.; Call Josep; Dunbar Robin I. M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,119(1):23
Two important elements in problem solving are the abilities to encode relevant task features and to combine multiple actions to achieve the goal. The authors investigated these 2 elements in a task in which gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) had to use a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach reward. Subjects were able to select tools of an appropriate length to reach the reward even when the position of the reward and tools were not simultaneously visible. When presented with tools that were too short to retrieve the reward, subjects were more likely to refuse to use them than when tools were the appropriate length. Subjects were proficient at using tools in sequence to retrieve the reward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
995.
High-density structures with relatively well-ordered nanopore arrays have been obtained by the self-ordering growth of nanopores occurring during anodisation of aluminium in sulphuric acid. The resulting array of well-ordered nanopores strongly depends on an applied voltage of anodising, temperature and a procedure of synthesis. Regular arranged hexagonal arrays on aluminium with a relatively uniform pore diameter, interpore distance, and depth of pores exceeding 90 μm, can be formed by the self-ordering two-step anodising at 1 °C. The interpore distance and the pore diameter were evaluated on anodised aluminium layers obtained at different cell potentials ranging from 15 to 25 V. The detailed analyses of their uniformity were performed from SEM images. The analysis of a pore arrangement defects was made from SEM top view images taken on samples anodised at various cell potentials. The defect maps, known as Delaunay triangulations, of the arrangement of about 1000 pores were constructed for different applied anodising potentials. The percentage of pores that are not six-fold coordinated by the neighbouring pores indicates the percentage of defected surface. 相似文献
996.
A methodology remediating zones of local radioactive contamination is presented. It is based on a classification of the zones
taking account of the contribution of external and internal irradiation to the total dose load to the public. The criteria
for identifying such loads and the steps required for their remediation are identified. A radiation-ecological validation
of the decrease in the external irradiation dose to the public in zones of local radioactive contamination is given.
__________
Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 125–134, February, 2006. 相似文献
997.
The film-forming capacity of binary systems containing Sb2O3, SnO2, CeO2, Y2O3, Nd2O3, Bi2O3, V2O5, ZnO, CuO, CdO, and Al2O3 are investigated. The best film-formers are Sb2O3 and SnO2, whereas ZnO, CuO, CdO, and Al2O3 cannot produce films of optical quality. The rest of considered oxides do not impair the clarity of coatings when their molding content is 20 – 50%. A proportional dependence is established between the refractive index and the reflection coefficient of a film and the refractive indexes of oxides making parts of this film, as well as between the concentration of deposited FFS, the film-forming capacity of oxides, and the film thickness. 相似文献
998.
Wisse M. Feliksdal G. Van Frankkenhuyzen J. Moyer B. 《Robotics & Automation Magazine, IEEE》2007,14(2):52-62
In this article, we presented our passive-based biped Denise. Using only two foot contact switches as sensors and simple on/off pneumatic muscle action, it walks at 0.4 m/s and can handle floor disturbances up to 6 mm (leg length is 0.7 m). Its simplicity, efficiency, and die natural look of its motions make it a promising lead for the development of commercially viable humanoid robots. The aim of this article is to provide other researchers enough details so that they can reproduce the work or use it as a basis for future research. 相似文献
999.
In-Situ and Real-Time Investigation of Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Metallic Alloy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Nguyen-Thi G. Reinhart N. Mangelinck-Noël H. Jung B. Billia T. Schenk J. Gastaldi J. Härtwig J. Baruchel 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2007,38(7):1458-1464
In this article, we present a review of observations during Al-3.5 wt pct Ni alloy solidi.cation experiments performed at
the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble. These experiments provide direct access to dynamical phenomena
during columnar growth (initial transient and breakdown of a planar solid-liquid interface), and for the first time to the
transition from columnar-to-equiaxed microstructure (nucleation ahead of a columnar front and blocking of a columnar front
by an equiaxed microstructure) and fully equiaxed growth (propagation of an effective front). Based on these experimental
observations, critical parameters such as columnar growth velocity variation during the transition or equiaxed-grain diameter
are measured and discussed.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Solidi.cation Modeling and Microstructure Formation:
In Honor of Prof. John Hunt,” which occurred March 13–15, 2006, during the TMS Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, under
the auspices of the TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, Solidification Committee. 相似文献
1000.
G.O. Phillips S. Al-Assaf A. du Plessis 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2007,265(1):390-393
Using a mediating alkyne gas during the radiation treatment prevents the degradation of natural and synthetic polysaccharides and proteins. The product has higher viscosity and is more elastic than the original material and, therefore, gives enhanced functionality. Protein, within demineralised bone, too can be modified to give enhanced osteoinductive capacity after transplantation. Thus new functionalities can be achieved from the new products produced in food and medical products. 相似文献