基于VXI总线的机载火控系统自动测试仪的设计

目的　对作战飞机火控系统的故障检测 ,传统的方法是使用多种检测仪器对机载火控设备进行性能检查 ,不仅技术含量低 ,也给飞机转场后技术阵地的转移带来不便 ,不能满足现代战争的需要 ,为提高战机的作战效能和快速反应的能力 ,研制了机载火控系统自动测试仪 .方法　采用 VXI总线技术、合理的硬件配置和在 Lab Windows/CVI环境下的软件模块化设计方案 .结果　在实际应用中取得了良好效果 ,为技术人员进行机载火控系统的性能及故障检测提供了便利 .结论　该测试仪具有测试结果准确 ,自动化程度高 ,工作稳定可靠 ,操作简便 ,易于转移和维护等优点 ,并具有较高的抗干扰能力 ,不仅适用与内场 ,还可用于在外场对机载火控系统进行原位检测     

The use of toxicologic data in mechanistic risk assessment: 1,3-butadiene as a case study

The National Research Council (NRC) recently published a report. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment, that critiqued the current approaches to characterizing human cancer risks from exposure to chemicals. One issue raised in the report relates to the use of default options for quantitation of cancer risks. Default options are general guidelines that can be used for risk assessment when specific information about a chemical is absent. Research on 1,3-butadiene represents an interesting case study in which existing knowledge on this chemical indicates that two default options may no longer be tenable: (1) humans are as sensitive as the most sensitive animal species, and (2) the rate of metabolism is a function of body surface area rather than inherent species differences in metabolic capacity. Butadiene, a major commodity chemical used in the production of synthetic rubber, is listed as one of 189 hazardous air pollutants under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Butadiene is a carcinogen in rats and mice, with mice being substantially more sensitive than rats. The extent to which butadiene poses a cancer risk to humans exposed to this chemical is uncertain. Butadiene requires metabolic activation to DNA-reactive epoxides to exert its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Research is directed toward obtaining a better understanding of the cancer risks of butadiene in humans by evaluating species-dependent differences in the formation of the toxic butadiene epoxide metabolites, epoxybutene and diepoxybutane. The data include in-vitro studies on butadiene metabolism using tissues from humans, rats, and mice as well as experimental data and physiological model predictions for butadiene in blood and butadiene epoxides in blood, lung, and liver after exposure of rats and mice to inhaled butadiene. The findings suggest that humans are more like rats and less like mice regarding the formation of butadiene epoxides. The research approach employed can be a useful strategy for developing mechanistic and toxicokinetic data to supplant default options used in carcinogen risk assessments for butadiene.     

Platinum concentrations in urban road dust and soil, and in blood and urine in the United Kingdom

Increasing Pt concentrations from vehicle catalysts have been reported from a number of countries. Analysis of Pt and Pd in soils and road dusts taken from areas of high and low traffic flows in SE England show concentrations of Pt in the range < 0.30-40.1 ng g-1 and Pd in the range < 2.1-57.9 ng g-1. Higher concentrations of Pt are associated with high traffic densities. Samples taken from streets of lower traffic flows were found to contain the lower concentrations of the ranges. Pilot studies of Pt concentrations in blood and urine using ICP-MS have been carried out. Platinum concentrations in whole blood were: precious metal workers, 780-2170, mean 1263 pmol l-1 (0.152-0.423, mean 0.246 microgram l-1); motorway maintenance workers, 645-810, mean 744 pmol l-1 (0.126-0.158, mean 0.145 microgram l-1); Imperial College staff, 590-713, mean 660 pmol l-1 (0.115-0.139, mean 0.129 microgram l-1). Platinum concentrations in urine in pmol Pt per mmol creatinine were: precious metal workers, 122-682, mean 273 [0.21-1.18, mean 0.47 microgram Pt (g creatinine)-1]; motorway maintenance workers, 13-78, mean 33.7 [0.022-0.135, mean 0.058 microgram Pt (g creatinine)-1]; Imperial College staff, 28-130, mean 65.6 [0.048-0.224, mean 0.113 microgram Pt (g creatinine)-1]. Detection limits were 0.03 microgram l-1 for both blood and urine. The possible health effects of increasing Pt in the environment are discussed. Platinum provides an excellent example of the significance of speciation in metal toxicity. Platinum allergy is confined to a small group of charged compounds that contain reactive ligand systems, the most effective of which are chloride ligand systems. Metallic Pt is considered to be biologically inert and non allergenic and since the emitted Pt is probably in the metallic or oxide form, the sensitising potential is probably very low. Platinum from road dusts, however, can be solubilised, and enter waters, sediments, soils and the food chain. There is at present no evidence for any adverse health effects from Pt in the general environment, particularly allergic reactions.     

A role for herpes simplex virus in the aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and related disorders

To evaluate the difference in left ventricular function during exercise after successful aortic valve replacement, left ventricular function was investigated using radionuclide angiography in 12 patients with normal resting left ventricular systolic function. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 was comprised of 5 patients after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and group 2 was comprised of 7 patients for aortic insufficiency. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly during exercise in both groups. The increase in systolic arterial pressure to left ventricular end-systolic volume was significantly larger in group 1 than group 2, whereas the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly larger in group 2 than group 1. Thus, increase in left ventricular contractility played an important role in regulating increased left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in patients with aortic prostheses for aortic stenosis, whereas increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume played an important role in patients with aortic prostheses for aortic insufficiency.     

Immunohistochemical identification of varicella-zoster virus gene 63-encoded protein (IE63) and late (gE) protein on smears and cutaneous biopsies: implications for diagnostic use

Early and specific recognition of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is of vital concern in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of histochemical and immunohistochemical identification of the VZV ORF63 encoded protein (IE63) and of the VZV late protein gE on smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin sections taken from lesions clinically diagnosed as varicella (n = 15) and herpes zoster (n = 51). Microscopic examinations of Tzanck smears and skin sections yielded a diagnostic accuracy of Herpesviridae infections in 66.7% (10/15) and 92.3% (12/13) of varicella, and 74.4% (29/39) and 87.8% (43/49) of herpes zoster, respectively. Immunohistochemistry applied to varicella provided a type-specific virus diagnostic accuracy of 86.7% (13/15; IE63) and 100% (15/15; gE) on smears, and of 92.3% for both VZV proteins on skin sections. In herpes zoster, the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry reached 92.3% (36/39; IE63) and 94.9% (37/39; gE) on smears, and 91.7% (44/48; IE63) and 91.8% (45/49; gE) on skin sections. These findings indicate that the immunohistochemical detection of IE63 and gE on both smears and skin sections yields a higher specificity and sensitivity than standard microscopic assessments.     

Combining beta-core fragment and total oestriol measurements to test for Down syndrome pregnancies

Recent articles by Cuckle et al., Canick et al., and Isozaki et al. have evaluated urine beta-core fragment as a screening test for Down syndrome in second-trimester pregnancies. They found over four-fold elevation of beta-core fragment levels in Down syndrome pregnancies, and between 62 and 88 per cent detection of this trisomy at a 5 per cent false-positive rate. Urine beta-core fragment may be a superior screening test for Down syndrome pregnancies. In the present study, urinary total oestriol has been evaluated as a marker to use in combination with beta-core fragment in screening for Down syndrome pregnancies. The two markers were evaluated separately in relation to the urine creatinine concentration. To amplify screening performance, we evaluated the ratio of beta-core fragment to total oestriol levels (creatinine-independent). beta-core fragment and total oestriol levels were determined (normalized to creatinine, ng/mg creatinine) in urine samples from 480 unaffected and 12 Down syndrome pregnancies, collected consecutively at a single prenatal diagnosis centre. The median beta-core fragment level in Down syndrome cases was 4.5 MOM. Fifty-eight per cent of Down syndrome cases had beta-core fragment levels exceeding the 95th centile of unaffected pregnancies. The median total oestriol level in Down syndrome cases was 0.33 MOM. Forty-two per cent of Down syndrome cases had total oestriol levels exceeding the 95th centile of unaffected pregnancies. We investigated the ratio of the two determinants (beta-core fragment, ng/ml divided by total oestriol, ng/ml) in our sample set. The median beta-core fragment:total oestriol ratio in Down syndrome cases was 13 MOM. Seventy-five per cent of Down syndrome cases had a ratio exceeding the 95th and the 99.5th centile of unaffected pregnancies. Total oestriol complements beta-core fragment in urine screening for Down syndrome pregnancies. A test measuring the ratio of the two urine determinants may be a significant improvement over current serum methods for detecting Down syndrome.     

活塞式压缩机吸排气管道的振动与控制

阐述了活塞式压缩机吸、排气管道强烈振动的危害，分析了产生共振的原因，介绍了现场消减管道振动的有效措施。     

编辑出版自动化技术在医药专业期刊编辑部的初步应用探讨

本文首先概述了编辑出版自动化技术的概念及最新进展,然后就其在医药专业期刊编辑部的初步应用进行了探讨,论述了计算机、网络、数据库技术在稿件的选题、组稿、编辑、审校、排版、印刷、出版中的具体应用,强调了构建基于网络的编辑出版自动化系统对期刊现代化建设的重要作用。     

B4C涂层作为等离子体面对材料的一些性质

介绍了利用等离子喷涂设备,B4C/Cu梯度功能涂层及非梯度涂层的制备技术,在模拟实验装置中测量了在高能粒子(3 keV,D+)的作用下,B4C涂层的化学溅射产额、热解吸性能、热冲击性能及热导率.结果表明B4C是一种有希望为未来聚变装置中等离子体面对的材料.