Transcytosis of alpha1-acidic glycoprotein in the continuous microvascular endothelium

By using perfusions and bolus administration, coupled with postembedding immunocytochemical procedures, we have identified the structures involved in the transport of derivatized orosomucoid (alpha1-acidic glycoprotein) across the continuous microvascular endothelium of the murine myocardium. Our findings indicate that: (i) monomeric orosomucoid binds to the luminal surface of the endothelium; (ii) it is restricted to caveolae during its transport across the endothelium; (iii) it is detected in the perivascular spaces at early time points (by 1 min) and in larger quantities at later time points (>5 min) from the beginning of its perfusion or its intravascular administration; (iv) no orosomucoid molecules are found in the intercellular junctions or at the abluminal exits of interendothelial spaces; and (v) the vesicular transport of orosomucoid is strongly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (>80%). Because, by size and shape, the orosomucoid qualifies as a preferential probe for the postulated small pore system, our results are discussed in relation to the pore theory of capillary permeability.     

Deformation and fracture of urethane–methacrylate resins

The tensile properties of three urethane–methacrylate resins that varied in the soft segment content of the urethane were characterized. The strain birefringence at a circular hole was observed during loading–unloading cycles to progressivley higher displacements. The shear strain distribution at the hole was calculated from the isochromatic fringe contours and compared with results from linear elastic analysis. When the onset of nonlinearity, and the subsequent appearance of residual strain at the root of the hole, were correlated with features of the macroscopic stress-displacement curves, three regions of prefracture deformation were defined. A region of linear elastic behavior was observed at the lowest strains. The maximum shear strain at the linear limit was the same in all the resins, and appeared to correlate with the yield condition at the hole. When the shear strain at the hole exceeded about 2.8%, the fringe patterns started to deviate from the elastic prediction. However, strain was fully recoverable in this region as indicated by the absence of residual birefringence at the hole after unloading. This region of nonlinear, recoverable deformation extended to progressively higher strains as the amount of urethane soft segment increased. This feature was attributed to the network structure of the urethane–methacrylate resins. A region characterized by nonrecoverable deformation at the hole followed at higher strains; the urethane soft segment content had a major effect on the amount of permanent deformation sustained before fracture. The fracture surfaces exhibited features typical of brittle fracture without crazing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Neuronal units linked to microvascular modules in cerebral cortex: response elements for imaging the brain

How neuronal activity changes cerebral blood flow is of biological and practical importance. The rodent whisker-barrel system has special merits as a model for studies of changes in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Stimulus-evoked changes in neural firing and 'intrinsic signals' recorded through a cranial window were used to define regions of interest for repeated flow measurements. Whisker-activated changes in flow were measured with intravascular markers at the pia. LCBF changes were always prompt and localized over the appropriate barrel. Stimulus-related changes in parenchymal flow monitored continuously with H2 electrodes recorded short latency flow changes initiated in middle cortical layers. Activation that increased flow to particular barrels often led to reduced flow to adjacent cortex. Dye was injected into single penetrating arterioles from the pia of the fixed brain and injected into arterioles in slices of cortex where barrels were evident without stains. Arteriolar and venular domains at the surface were not directly related to underlying barrels. Capillary tufts in layer IV were mainly coincident with barrels. The matching between a capillary plexus (a vascular module) and a barrel (a functional neuronal unit) is a spatial organization of neurons and blood vessels that optimizes local interactions between the two. The paths of communication probably include: neurons to neurons, neurons to glia, neurons to vessels, glia to vessels, vessels to vessels and vessels to brain. Matching a functional grouping of neurons with a vascular module is an elegant means of reducing the risk of embarrassment for energy-expensive neuronal activity (ion pumping) while minimizing energy spent for delivery of the energy (cardiac output). For imaging studies this organization sets biological limits to spatial, temporal and magnitude resolution. Reduced flow to nearby inactive cortex enhances local differences.     

An efficient maximum-redundancy radix-8 SRT division andsquare-root method

A new approach to integrating hardware multiplication, division, and square-root is presented. We use a fully integrated control path which simultaneously reduces part of the redundant partial-remainder and performs a truncated multiplication of the next quotient or square-root digit by the divisor or square-root value. A separate (parallel) full precision iterative multiplier is used for partial remainder production. Strategic details of a radix-8 implementation are discussed. It is shown that a maximally redundant digit set is a viable choice for high performance in this case     

微量Si在W—7Ni—3Fe重合金中的行为

研究了掺到原料Ｗ粉中微量Ｓｉ（４００ｐｐｍ）在Ｗ－７Ｎｉ－３Ｆｅ重合金中的分布及在液相烧结过程中的行为。结果表明，Ｓｉ主要以固溶形式分布在Ｗ晶粒中。Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析发现，在掺杂Ｓｉ的Ｗ－Ｗ及Ｗ－基体相界面富集ＳｉＯ２和Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３在未掺杂试样的断口表面发现了较弱的ＷＯ２的ＸＰＳ谱，而在掺杂合金中未发现ＷＯ２。     

Endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in heparinised equine whole blood in vitro

Endotoxaemia is a leading cause of death among horses. Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in clinical and experimentally-induced cases of endotoxaemia and can lead to coagulopathies, including disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which is usually fatal. In this study it was shown that endotoxin (3 ng ml-1 to 25 micrograms ml-1) can aggregate equine platelets in heparinised whole blood in vitro. The endotoxin-induced aggregation (EIA) was shown to be dependent on the presence of leucocytes in the blood and did not occur when detoxified endotoxin was used, suggesting that lipid A was necessary for the response. Aspirin (1 mmol litre-1) had no effect on EIA whereas apyrase (40 micrograms ml-1) completely abolished it and CV3988 (3 to 30 mumol litre-1) (a competitive antagonist of platelet-activating factor) inhibited the response in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that endotoxin activates equine platelets at low concentrations through an indirect mechanism that involves calcium, leucocytes, adenine nucleotides and platelet-activating factor.     

游艇概念设计方法与技术研究

针对游艇的概念设计方法与技术展开研究,从创意设计思维层面入手,建立了游艇设计概念引入、意象及内涵深化的设计创意库,包括海洋生物库、东方文化符号库、其它类产品创意库等三大类;分析了游艇概念设计从抽象到具体的过程,提出了游艇创意概念设计的底影套模法;探讨了游艇设计的参数化、模块化实现技术。     

多输入的二阶广义分布参数系统的控制综合问题

广义分布参数系统具有广泛的实际背景.如复合材料中的温度分布,电缆中的信号传播,电磁耦合超导线路中的电压分布,飞行器姿态控制等问题研究中都会出现这样的系统.极点配置与反馈稳定性是这类系统研究的重要方面.本文应用泛函分析及算子理论讨论了Hilbert空间中多输入的二阶广义分布参数系统的极点配置与反馈稳定性问题,获得了这类系统极点可配置与可镇定的一些充分条件,并利用复分析、复级数、有界线性算子的广义逆等方法建立了反馈控制律的构造性表达式.本文结论不仅具有重要的实际意义,而且对广义分布参数系统的控制综合问题研究具有重要的理论价值.     

双余度DSP数据采集装置在某型控制器中的应用

针对某型控制器设计的双余度DSP数据采集装置,采用以双端口RAM方式进行数据交换。结果表明,此数据采集装置既能快速完成模拟数据的采样,又能快速地在DSP间进行高速数据交换,同时,还能够满足基于DSP数据采集装置的高精度与小型化要求。