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81.
82.
An analysis of simultaneous variation in protein structures 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Chelvanayagam G; Eggenschwiler A; Knecht L; Gonnet GH; Benner SA 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1997,10(4):307-316
The simultaneous substitution of pairs of buried amino acid side chains
during divergent evolution has been examined in a set of protein families
with known crystal structures. A weak signal is found that shows that amino
acid pairs near in space in the folded structure preferentially undergo
substitution in a compensatory way. Three different physicochemical types
of covariation 'signals' were then examined separately, with consideration
given to the evolutionary distance at which different types of compensation
occur. Where the compensatory covariation tends towards retaining the
combined residue volumes, the signal is significant only at very low
evolutionary distances. Where the covariation compensates for changes in
the hydrogen bonding, the signal is strongest at intermediate evolutionary
distances. Covariations that compensate for charge variations appeared with
equal strength at all the evolutionary distances examined. A recipe is
suggested for using the weak covariation signal to assemble the predicted
secondary structural elements, where the evolutionary distance, covariation
type and weighting are considered together with the tertiary structural
context (interior or surface) of the residues being examined.
相似文献
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P Rainville GH Duncan DD Price B Carrier MC Bushnell 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,277(5328):968-971
Recent evidence demonstrating multiple regions of human cerebral cortex activated by pain has prompted speculation about their individual contributions to this complex experience. To differentiate cortical areas involved in pain affect, hypnotic suggestions were used to alter selectively the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli, without changing the perceived intensity. Positron emission tomography revealed significant changes in pain-evoked activity within anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with the encoding of perceived unpleasantness, whereas primary somatosensory cortex activation was unaltered. These findings provide direct experimental evidence in humans linking frontal-lobe limbic activity with pain affect, as originally suggested by early clinical lesion studies. 相似文献
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GH Sture RE Halliwell KL Thoday AH van den Broek JI Henfrey DH Lloyd IS Mason E Ferguson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,44(3-4):293-308
Results of intradermal skin test responses to the same panel of 53 allergens were compared in 118 dogs with atopic disease presented at two geographical centres, Edinburgh (87 cases) and London (31 cases). The allergens most commonly positive at both centres were human dander and Dermatophagoides farinae, but positive tests to all of the allergens used occurred in at least one case. The mean number of allergens to which positive tests resulted in atopic dogs was 5.126 (Edinburgh) and 5.129 (London). The majority of animals were sensitive to allergens from more than one group. A significantly higher number of positive reactors to house dust allergen was observed at London than at Edinburgh (P < 0.05), while a significantly higher number of positive reactions to grass pollens was detected at Edinburgh than in London (P < 0.05). Sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, in the absence of sensitivity to D. farinae, was uncommon and therefore both of these mite allergens should be incorporated in intradermal skin testing panels in Great Britain. 相似文献
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GH Westrich ML Allen SJ Tarantino B Ghelman R Schneider RS Laskin SB Haas TP Sculco 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,(356):125-133
The efficacy of ultrasound compared with ascending venography for the detection of deep venous thrombosis immediately after total knee arthroplasty was assessed after a 2-year interval. One hundred thirty-seven patients were eligible for the study; however, 31 patients received only one of the screening methods and a color Doppler examination was inconclusive in six patients. Therefore, 100 patients had a Doppler examination and a venogram. Overall, the sensitivity of ultrasound was 85%, the specificity 97%, the positive predictive value 85%, the negative predictive value 97%, and the accuracy 95%. The sensitivity in the calf was 83%, in the popliteal vein 86%, and in the femoral vein 100%. Two years ago, the initial assessment of ultrasound for the detection of deep venous thrombosis after surgery in patients who had total joint arthroplasty revealed a 75% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 91% positive predictive value, 97% negative predictive value, and 97% accuracy. The sensitivity in the calf was 83%; the sensitivity in the popliteal vein was 40%; and the sensitivity in the femoral vein was 50%. After 2 years of using this screening test with one technician and one radiologist, an improvement with this noninvasive technique was shown. However, it was found that Doppler imaging is not as sensitive as venography for detecting calf thrombi. Any imaging technique should be validated by each institution to determine the validity of the instrument and the learning curve of the technician administering the examination. 相似文献
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This article determines whether it is possible to decrease the number of review appointments following wisdom teeth removal without detriment to the patient. A prospective single-centre study was undertaken in a general hospital with 130 consecutive patients undergoing the removal of impacted wisdom teeth. 相似文献
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An 11-month-old girl had massive rectal bleeding. A midabdominal mass was palpated. Ultrasound scan showed a large cystic mass with diffusely echogenic contents; Tc-99M radionuclide scan confirmed a duplication. Exploratory surgery and pathology examination showed a gastric duplication with formation of a fistula into the transverse colon with a colonic ulcer and hemorrhage. This combination of findings is presented as a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infancy. 相似文献