噁唑烷酮的合成与应用

主要介绍了唑烷酮的合成方法、催化剂及其在弹性体、涂料、泡沫塑料、胶粘剂等领域的应用情况。     

涤纶长丝生产喷丝板的选择

论述了高聚物熔体在喷丝孔区的流变性及粘弹行为。具体分析了喷丝孔直径与剪切速率及喷丝头拉伸倍数之间的关系，提出了喷丝孔直径的选择依据。     

Gold and iron supported on Y-type zeolite for carbon monoxide oxidation

Gold and iron supported on Y-type zeolite for carbon monoxide oxidation have been studied. They were prepared by ion exchange of gold(III) compounds with Y-type zeolite, iron-impregnated Y-type zeolite, or iron-exchanged Y-type zeolite in a chloroauric acid solution. The as-prepared gold/Y sample possessed high activity for carbon monoxide oxidation, but it gradually and irreversibly deactivated during the reaction. The deactivation was attributed to the transformation of some gold ions to gold metal. The activities of as-prepared gold/iron/Y samples were poor when compared with that of gold/Y, but their activities were markedly promoted by a high-temperature reduction treatment at 570°C. This is ascribed to the fact that the reduced gold/iron/Y catalyst could catch and release oxygen at low temperature.     

The pharmacokinetics of water-in-oil-in-water-type multiple emulsion of a new tacrolimus formulation

We developed a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W)-type multiple emulsion of a new tacrolimus formulation. A potential approach to avoid the complications of systemic immunosuppression and simultaneously enhance immunosuppressive efficacy is to deliver immunosuppressive agents locally to the site of the target organs. The W/O/W emulsion is dispersed oil drops containing smaller water droplets that allow the delivery of drugs preferentially to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Since the liver and the spleen are primary components of the RES, and the brain and the kidney have a poor RES, we hypothesized that a W/O/W emulsion of tacrolimus would prossess the pharmacokinetic benefits of local immunosuppression. We evaluated this hypothesis in a rat model. The tacrolimus levels of whole blood, the liver, spleen, brain, and kidney in rats given intravenous emulsions of tacrolimus (W/O/W group) were compared with a group administered tacrolimus alone (T group). There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of W/O/W group and T group based on whole blood data. However, the W/O/W group had significantly decreased tacrolimus levels in the brain and kidney, and significantly increased levels in the liver and spleen compared with the T group. These data suggest that the W/O/W emulsion is applicable as an intravenous drug carrier for local immunosuppression.     

An analysis of simultaneous variation in protein structures

The simultaneous substitution of pairs of buried amino acid side chains during divergent evolution has been examined in a set of protein families with known crystal structures. A weak signal is found that shows that amino acid pairs near in space in the folded structure preferentially undergo substitution in a compensatory way. Three different physicochemical types of covariation 'signals' were then examined separately, with consideration given to the evolutionary distance at which different types of compensation occur. Where the compensatory covariation tends towards retaining the combined residue volumes, the signal is significant only at very low evolutionary distances. Where the covariation compensates for changes in the hydrogen bonding, the signal is strongest at intermediate evolutionary distances. Covariations that compensate for charge variations appeared with equal strength at all the evolutionary distances examined. A recipe is suggested for using the weak covariation signal to assemble the predicted secondary structural elements, where the evolutionary distance, covariation type and weighting are considered together with the tertiary structural context (interior or surface) of the residues being examined.      

Evolution of microstructure,optical, and magnetic properties in multiferroic CuFe1-xSnxO2 (x = 0–0.05)

Evolution of the microstructure, optical, and magnetic properties have been investigated systematically in multiferroic CuFe_1-xSn_xO₂ (x?=?0–0.05) ceramics. Substitution of Sn⁴⁺ for Fe³⁺ results in expansion of CuFeO₂ lattice, and reduces the density of the material, but the metal oxidation states are unchanged. Observation of the optical properties shows that the value of the direct optical band gap (E_g) decreases with increasing Sn doping level, and that the CuFe_1-xSn_xO₂ (x?=?0–0.04) series with values >?3.1?eV. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that Sn⁴⁺ doping decreases the Curie-Weiss temperature, i.e. weakens the strength of the antiferromagnetic interaction between high-spin Fe³⁺ ions, but does not affect the stability of the antiferromagnetic phase, and all samples undergo successive magnetic transitions at about T_N1 =?15?K and T_N2 =?11?K. However, magnetization curves show that changes occur in the magnetic interactions and both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism co-exist in the Sn⁴⁺-doped samples. The maximum value of the saturation magnetization of 1.8?emu·g^?1 was observed for the x?=?0.03 sample in a 2.5?kOe field. The changes in the magnetic behavior are closely related to the lattice distortion and charge compensation, which are discussed in detail in this work.     

改性偏高岭土复合粉煤灰对混凝土抗渗性能的影响

将经改性的偏高岭土(MMK)与超细粉煤灰(FA)复合,以低于10％的总掺量内掺到混凝土中,研究了掺入前后和不同掺量对混凝土的工作性能、力学性能、电通量和氯离子扩散系数的影响.并运用压汞、TG-DSC耦合分析和SEM照片等方法,对其影响机理进行了探讨.结果表明:低掺量改性偏高岭土复合粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能有显著的改善;对混凝土工作性能影响较小,能提高混凝土各龄期抗压强度;可以优化混凝土的孔结构和水泥石-集科界面过渡区.     

低渗透油藏注CO2驱油现状研究

低渗透油田最基本的特点就是流体渗透能力差、产能低,常规方式下采收率低。CO2作为一种驱油剂,在低渗油藏的开发中具有明显的增油降水效果,即CO2驱油技术在封存CO2,降低该温室气体对环境影响的同时,可以提高油田的采收率。通过探讨低渗透油藏注CO2提高原油采收率的驱油机理和应用现状,指出CO2在提高低渗油藏采收率方面大有可为。     

富县西部长2油层组储层控制因素分析

通过岩心薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和物性等分析资料,对富县西部长2段储层岩石学特征、孔隙类型和物性特征等进行研究,分析影响储层储集性能的主要控制因素。研究表明:以三角洲前缘的水下分流河道沉积的长2储层具有较低的成分成熟度和较高的结构成熟度,是控制储层发育的沉积因素;孔隙类型以粒间孔、溶蚀孔、微孔隙和裂隙为主,次生溶孔和微裂隙的存在为储层提供了储集空间和渗流通道;本区的成岩阶段已进入晚成岩A期,主要的成岩作用有压实-压溶、碳酸盐岩充填和溶解作用,不同成岩阶段的成岩作用对储层物性的改造不同,因此也控制着储层的储集性能。     

硫酸盐还原菌在污水处理中的应用

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一组进行硫酸盐还原代谢反应的有关细菌的通称。对硫酸盐还原菌的代谢机理进行研究和总结,阐述了酸性重金属废水的特点和硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性重金属废水的原理及特点,研究了温度、pH、和硫化物对硫酸盐还原菌在厌氧处理中的影响。