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An experimental investigation was undertaken to measure the intrinsic elastic properties of several of the microstructural components of human vertebral trabecular bone and tibial cortical bone by the nanoindentation method. Specimens from two thoracic vertebrae (T-12) and two tibiae were obtained from frozen, unembalmed human male cadavers aged 57 and 61 years. After drying and mounting in epoxy resin nanoindentation tests were conducted to measure Young's modulus and the hardness of individual trabeculae in the vertebrae and single osteons, and interstitial lamellae in the tibiae. Measurements on the vertebral trabeculae were made in the transverse direction, and the average Young's modulus was found to be 13.5 +/- 2.0 GPa. The tibial specimens were tested in the longitudinal direction, yielding moduli of 22.5 +/- 1.3 GPa for the osteons and 25.8 +/- 0.7 GPa for the interstitial lamellae. Analysis of variance showed that the differences in the measured moduli are statistically significant. Hardness differences among the various microstructural components were also observed. 相似文献
134.
JM Jürgensmeier S Krajewski RC Armstrong GM Wilson T Oltersdorf LC Fritz JC Reed S Ottilie 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,8(2):325-339
The dental profession faces educational, scientific, and ethical challenges in orofacial pain and headache. Past educational deficiencies are being addressed with guidance and recommendations from the AADS, the ADA, and the AAOP. With education and further research, many dental ethical questions in TMD will be resolved. The educational process must continue with a solid foundation in scientific basis provided in university settings. The appropriate use of TMD diagnostic machines, treatment modalities, and management of perpetuating factors such as sleep will evolve with the new knowledge of scientific discovery. These are some of the many challenges of orofacial pain and headache disorders that warrant special consideration. 相似文献
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In prokaryotes, DnaK-DnaJ chaperon is involved in the protein degradation catalyzed by proteases La and ClpA/B complex as shown in E. coli. To extend this into eukaryotic cells, we examined the effects of hsp70 genes, SSA1 and SSB1, and DnaJ genes, SIS1 and YDJ1, on the growth of proteasome subunit mutants of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The results identified SSB1 and SIS1 as a pair of chaperon genes specifically involved in efficient protein turnover in the yeast, whose overexpression suppressed the growth defects caused by the proteasome mutations. Moreover, a single amino acid substitution in the putative peptide-binding site of SSB1 protein profoundly enhanced the suppression activity, indicating that the activity is mediated by the peptide-binding activity of this chaperon. Thus SSB1, with its partner DnaJ, SIS1, modulates the efficiency of protein turnover through its chaperon activity. 相似文献
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Purification and crystallization of complexes modeling the active state of the fragile histidine triad protein 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brenner C; Pace HC; Garrison PN; Robinson AK; Rosler A; Liu XH; Blackburn GM; Croce CM; Huebner K; Barnes LD 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1997,10(12):1461-1463
Fragile histidine triad protein (Fhit) is a diadenosine triphosphate
(ApppA) hydrolase encoded at the human chromosome 3 fragile site which is
frequently disrupted in tumors. Reintroduction of FHIT coding sequences to
cancer cell lines with FHIT deletions suppressed the ability of these cell
lines to form tumors in nude mice even when the reintroduced FHIT gene had
been mutated to allow ApppA binding but not hydrolysis. Because this
suggested that the tumor suppressor activity of Fhit protein depends on
substrate-dependent signaling rather than ApppA catabolism, we prepared two
crystalline forms of Fhit protein that are expected to model its
biologically active, substrate-bound state. Wild-type and the His96Asn
forms of Fhit were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to
homogeneity and crystallized in the presence and absence of ApppA and an
ApppA analog. Single crystals obtained by vapor diffusion against ammonium
sulfate diffracted X-rays to beyond 2.75 A resolution. High quality native
synchrotron X-ray data were collected for an orthorhombic and a hexagonal
crystal form.
相似文献
140.
Coastal marine ecosystems world-wide are threatened by invasions of nonindigenous species. The ubiquity of marine sibling species identifiable only by genetic analysis suggests that many invasions are cryptic and therefore undetected, causing an underestimation of the actual number and impacts of invading species. We test this hypothesis with European crabs in the genus Carcinus that have invaded five regions globally. Partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences confirm sibling species status of morphologically similar Atlantic C. maenas and Mediterranean C. aestuarii. Based on 16S rRNA haplotypes, crabs from California, New England and Tasmania were all C. maenas. However, we report the cryptic multiple invasion of both species in Japan and South Africa, where only C. aestuarii and C. maenas, respectively, were previously recognized. 相似文献