An infrared study of the carbon monoxide complexes of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-420

The infrared stretch vibrations (upsilonCO) of the CO-complexes of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-420 have been determined from infrared difference spectra. The CO-complexes exhibit IR-bands at 1949 cm-1 and 1966 cm-1 with half widths of approximately 17 cm-1 and approximately 20 cm-1 respectively. These results are compared with the CO-stretch frequencies of other haemoproteins and discussed with respect to specific interactions of the CO-ligand with the protein moiety and to the ligand trans to CO of the cytochromes.     

Hypernatremia--problems in management

Hypernatremia may be produced under several different circumstances but most frequently is the result of excessive water loss with diarrhea and the excessive solute load secondary to inappropriate preparation of formula. The clinical manifestations vary and depend primarily on the degree of dehydration and the rate at which the hyperosmolar state has been reached. The management of the patient will, of course, depend upon the mechanism of hypernatremia and degree of dehydration and/or hypovolemia that is present. It seems clear that the exact nature of the rehydrating solution is not of major importance. The volume is of great concern but most vital seems to be the rate of rehydration. If rehydration is accomplished too rapidly the child becomes edematous, develops increased intracranial pressure, stupor, and convulsions. If fluids are given slowly and at a well regulated rate, these complications can usually be avoided. The patient should be monitored regularly with electrolytes, careful determination of weights, and records of intake and output. The rate of rehydration should be monitored to assure that the planned schedule of 24 to 72 hours (depending on the severity of the problem) is followed. Approximately 10 to 15 per cent of children with serum sodium of 160 mEq per liter or greater will have permanent neurological deficits.     

Antibody-mediated suppression of grafted lymphoma. IV. Influence of time of tumor residency in vivo and tumor size upon the effectiveness of suppression by syngeneic antibody

In the suppression of the growth of a mouse lymphoma 6C3HED by antibody, the effectiveness of antibody in suppressing growing or established tumor cells and comparable number of freshly injected tumor cells is quantitatively similar. The effectiveness of antibody diminishes markedly when the number of tumor cells per mouse reaches the level of 10(6) due to the development of a macrophage shortage. At the 10(5) tumor cells level, antibody-mediated suppression takes place in an optimal manner and between 10(5) and 10(4) tumor cell numbers, the amount of antibody required to suppress 50% of the tumor cells is directly proportional to the number of tumor cells suppressed.