Analysis of the t(2;5) (p23;q35) translocation in CD30+ primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders and Hodgkin''s disease

To observe the expression of p16, pRb, cdk4 and cyclinD1 in non-small cell lung cancers, 104 cases of resected lung cancers were collected, which included squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry assay was carried out. The results showed that 67% of squamous cell carcinomas and 46% of adenocarcinomas expressed p16, 64% of squamous cell carcinomas and 85% of adenocarcinomas expressed pRb and 66% of cancers expressed p16 or pRb. About 70% of the tumors expressed cyclinD1. More than 90% of the tumors expressed cdk4 and there was an increased trend with decreasing differentiation of both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Sixty-seven percent of the highly differentiated and 100% of the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas expressed cdk4. The aberrant p16 and pRb gene product expression played a significant role in the development and histological subtype of lung cancers by conditioning the biological behavior of NSCLC. cdk4 was an important factor in histological differentiation.     

Respiratory effects of extradural analgesia after lower abdominal surgery

Blood-gas tensions, FRC and volume of trapped gas (VTG) in the lung were measured in patients on the day before lower abdominal gynaecological surgery, and twice on the day following surgery, before and after establishing lumbar extradural block (EDB) using 0.5% bupivacaine to provide analgesia after operation. FRC and VTG were measured with the closed-circuit helium-dilution technique. Mean VTG was 175 ml before operation and 275 ml after operation. PaO2 decreased significantly after operation, and the changes in FRC and VTG that occurred were related qualitatively. EDB did not significantly alter FRC, VTG or PaO2. Individual changes in FRC could not be related to changes in VTG or PaO2. Although EDB provided effective analgesia, the variables measured did not indicate that EDB conferred an immediate respiratory advantage.     

Correlation of histopathologic characteristics of primary tumor and uninvolved regional lymph nodes in Dukes' class C colonic carcinoma with prognosis

Ninety-two patients with Dukes' class C colonic carcinoma, divided equally into those who survived 5 years or more and those surviving less than 5 years after resection for cure, underwent evaluation of multiple histopathologic characteristics of the primary tumor and the uninvolved regional lymph nodes. These characteristics were analyzed by the chi-square test for correlation with survival. A statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.05) in the group who survived 5 years or more was observed for Broders' grades 1 and 2, tumor not involving serosa, and a pushing tumor margin. Of the 14 patients who had a pushing tumor margin and tumor not involving serosa, 12 (86%) survived 5 years or more. Seven patients had an infiltrating tumor margin and peritumor venous invasion, and of this group, only one (14%) survived 5 years or more. Histopathologic characteristics of host immune reaction at the tumor or in the uninvolved regional lymph nodes did not correlate with survival.     

Spinal muscle in scoliosis. Part 2. The proportion and size of type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle fibres measured using a computer-controlled microscope

On the internal or parietal surface of the left ventricle in man and in mammals are two papillary muscles, which are almost identical and well developed. In man, these muscles are known as the m. papillaris parietalis anterior sinister and the m. papillaris parietalis posterior dexter, in mammals, the m. papillaris parietalis cranialis sinister and caudalis dexter, or, in shorter form, mm. papillaris parietalis sinister et dexter. In the right ventricle in man, there are two papillary parietal muscles: the mm. papillares anteriores et posteriores. On the septum of this ventricle there is, as in mammals, a muscle called the m. papillaris septalis medialis seu subarteriosus. Beside it are one or several smaller muscles, varying from one individual to another: the mm. papillares septales accessorii seu parvi. In the right ventricle of the mammalian heart is found, in addition to the m. parietalis septalis subarteriosus, already mentioned, a m. papillaris caudalis, more or less well developed in some species and, in the majority of mammals, the m. papillaris septalis cranials, which is always well developed. In certain mammals, there is, in rare cases, a m. papillaris septomarginalis seu parietalis. It may be said, in conclusion, that, in a large number of mammals, there is, on the internal surface of the external wall of the right ventricle, a reasonably well developed m. papillaris parietalis.     

A technique for anodally blocking large nerve fibres through chronically implanted electrodes

If a spinal root of a baboon or rhesus monkey is trapped in an initially loose-fitting silicone rubber channel containing two or more platinum electrodes, electrical pulses sent through these electrodes can stimulate nerve fibres close to the cathode and block the resulting impulses close to the anode. We show (1) how anodal break excitation and excitation of fibres outside the silicone rubber channel can be avoided; (2) that an implant 26 months old behaves like a recent one; (3) that in a root containing somatic motor fibres and parasympathetic fibres, all somatic motor fibres can be blocked and most or all parasympathetic fibres excited but not blocked; (4) that provided that the electrodes pass no net direct current, prolonged stimulation with block can be harmless; (5) how block can be achieved in one direction only along a root; (6) that a peripheral nerve can be blocked by the same techniques.     

A survey of APA- and non-APA-approved internship programs.

A survey questionnaire eliciting information on the number of internships offered, average salary of interns, selection criteria, and percentages of work time was sent to 294 American Psychological Association (APA)- and non-APA-approved internship sites. Results of this study and the new criteria for accreditation indicate that students from approved doctoral programs have a definite advantage in the internship marketplace. Sufficient evidence exists, however, to conclude that students from non-APA-approved programs may be encouraged to risk competing for APA-approved internships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)