Spinal muscle in scoliosis. Part 2. The proportion and size of type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle fibres measured using a computer-controlled microscope

On the internal or parietal surface of the left ventricle in man and in mammals are two papillary muscles, which are almost identical and well developed. In man, these muscles are known as the m. papillaris parietalis anterior sinister and the m. papillaris parietalis posterior dexter, in mammals, the m. papillaris parietalis cranialis sinister and caudalis dexter, or, in shorter form, mm. papillaris parietalis sinister et dexter. In the right ventricle in man, there are two papillary parietal muscles: the mm. papillares anteriores et posteriores. On the septum of this ventricle there is, as in mammals, a muscle called the m. papillaris septalis medialis seu subarteriosus. Beside it are one or several smaller muscles, varying from one individual to another: the mm. papillares septales accessorii seu parvi. In the right ventricle of the mammalian heart is found, in addition to the m. parietalis septalis subarteriosus, already mentioned, a m. papillaris caudalis, more or less well developed in some species and, in the majority of mammals, the m. papillaris septalis cranials, which is always well developed. In certain mammals, there is, in rare cases, a m. papillaris septomarginalis seu parietalis. It may be said, in conclusion, that, in a large number of mammals, there is, on the internal surface of the external wall of the right ventricle, a reasonably well developed m. papillaris parietalis.     

Histochemistry of mucosubstances in the mantle of fresh water mussel Parreysia corrugata var. nagpoorensis (Lea). I. Mucosubstances of the inner marginal fold

Formol-calcium acetate-fixed sections of the mantle of Parreysia corrugata var. nagpoorensis (Lea) were subjected to various histochemical reactions for mucosubstances. The results of these reactions on the inner marginal fold indicate that it possesses two types of mucous cells secreting sulphomucins and sialomucins. The sulphated mucus is strongly alcianophilic. Its alcianophilia persists when the tissues are stained with Alcian blue in concentration of up to 0.5 M magnesium chloride. The basal inner epithelial cells of the fold contain glycogen while the remaining cells contain neutral muscosubstances. The role of the mucosubstances with reference to feeding is discussed.     

Kinetics of the Ostwald ripening in lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing TiO2 and ZrO2

A structural investigation is undertaken on lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing a titanium oxide or titanium and zirconium oxides. The structural transformations in the course of Ostwald ripening observed after the increase in temperature of the glasses preliminarily heat-heated to the attainment of a stable two-phase structure (catalyst phase) are studied by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. In all the cases, an increase in temperature leads to the loss of stability and a partial dissolution of the phase precipitated at a lower temperature. The low-temperature heat treatment (660°C) of lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing TiO₂ and ZrO₂ brings about the precipitation of aluminotitanate phase that reaches the stable state upon prolonged heat treatments for 5000–6000 h. As the temperature increases, this phase becomes unstable, which results in its dissolution and the precipitation of a new phase containing titanium and zirconium oxides in the form of zirconium titanate microcrystals. Changes in the phase composition in the course of Ostwald ripening upon isothermal treatments of glasses containing TiO₂ and ZrO₂ are associated with different mobilities of structural elements involving titanium or zirconium ions.     

Kinetics of the Ostwald ripening in lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing TiO2 and ZrO2

A structural investigation is undertaken on lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing a titanium oxide or titanium and zirconium oxides. The structural transformations in the course of Ostwald ripening observed after the increase in temperature of the glasses preliminarily heat-heated to the attainment of a stable two-phase structure (catalyst phase) are studied by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. In all the cases, an increase in temperature leads to the loss of stability and a partial dissolution of the phase precipitated at a lower temperature. The low-temperature heat treatment (660°C) of lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing TiO₂ and ZrO₂ brings about the precipitation of aluminotitanate phase that reaches the stable state upon prolonged heat treatments for 5000–6000 h. As the temperature increases, this phase becomes unstable, which results in its dissolution and the precipitation of a new phase containing titanium and zirconium oxides in the form of zirconium titanate microcrystals. Changes in the phase composition in the course of Ostwald ripening upon isothermal treatments of glasses containing TiO₂ and ZrO₂ are associated with different mobilities of structural elements involving titanium or zirconium ions.