Reconstructive operations in surgical treatment of vasorenal hypertension]

The experience of 313 reconstructive operations performed in 289 patients with renovascular hypertension is analysed. The importance of choosing the surgical procedure with due regard of the etiology and extent of the pathological process is emphasized. The most effective and frequently employed reconstructive procedures consisted in the author's original technique of transaortic endarterectomy (232 operations), resection of the renal artery with reimplantation of the ostium into the aorta (19 operations), renal artery resection with an end-to-end anastomosis (23 operations). In cases of bilateral lesions of the renal arteries two-stage procedures are recommended, spaced 3-4 months apart. Reconstructive interventions on the single renal artery are described.     

Variation of velocity/field curve of GaAs in the temperature range 40?180°C

A high-power microwave technique has been used to measure the velocity/field characteristic of GaAs. A small increase in the threshold field has been observed when the temperature was increased from 40°C to 180°C.     

Acoustic modulation and photon-phonon scattering in optical coherence tomography

Acousto-optic interactions allow the measurement of nonoptical material properties with high-resolution optical methods. We modulated a sample with ultrasound while simultaneously imaging with a traditional optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The measured acousto-optic signal then depends on the mechanical response of the tissue to the applied modulation. The acquired acoustically enhanced OCT signals are consistent with established acousto-optic theory and provide enhanced contrast to OCT images.     

Protonated Titanates and TiO2 Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis,Properties, and Applications

Tubular and fibrous nanostructures of titanates have recently been synthesized and characterized. Three general approaches (template assisted, anodic oxidation, and alkaline hydrothermal) for the preparation of nanostructured titanate and TiO₂ are reviewed. The crystal structures, morphologies, and mechanism of formation of nanostructured titanates produced by the alkaline hydrothermal method are critically discussed. The physicochemical properties of nanostructured titanates are highlighted and the links between properties and applications are emphasized. Examples of early applications of nanostructured titanates in catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, lithium batteries, hydrogen storage, and solar‐cell technologies are reviewed. The stability of titanate nanotubes at elevated temperatures and in acid media is considered.     

Quantification and modeling of the dynamic changes in theabsorption coefficient of water at λ = 2.94 μm

A stable, high-energy Q-switched Er:YAG laser operating at 2.94 μm with a nearly diffraction-limited spatial beam profile was used to quantify the dynamic changes in the absorption coefficient of liquid water as a function of incident fluence. The data from transmission measurements across water layers of known thicknesses shows that the effective absorption coefficient of water decreases by almost an order of magnitude for fluence levels less than 2 J/cm². From the measured transmission data, we have developed a phenomenological, finite-difference absorption model (the dynamic saturable absorption model) that can, at least to a first-order approximation, accurately predict the dynamic and effective absorption coefficient of water at the wavelength λ = 2.94 μm. The model developed in the present study should prove useful in efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction in applications such as skin resurfacing and corneal sculpting, wherein Er:YAG lasers are used to target water as the dominant chromophore     

Nicotine dependence, depression, and the moderating role of goal cognitions.

The authors examined the moderating role of goal cognitions in the process of nicotine dependence in young adult smokers. A college sample of 85 male and 78 female smokers completed measures of nicotine dependence and psychological distress. They also provided cognitive evaluations for goals related to smoking cessation on scales measuring self-efficacy, value, planning, self-reward, self-criticism, self-monitoring, social comparison, and positive and negative goal-based arousal. As has been previously established, depression had a direct and significant effect on nicotine dependence. Moreover, significant interactions between goal cognitions and depression provided evidence for the hypothesized moderating effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Positive psychology: East and West.

Comments on the special issue of the American Psychologist (2000[Jan], Vol 55[1]) on positive psychology. The author draws attention to the omission of Asian perspectives and work done in the field of transpersonal psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)