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21.
Gable Shelly L.; Reis Harry T.; Impett Emily A.; Asher Evan R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,87(2):228
Four studies examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of seeking out others when good things happen (i.e., capitalization). Two studies showed that communicating personal positive events with others was associated with increased daily positive affect and well-being, above and beyond the impact of the positive event itself and other daily events. Moreover, when others were perceived to respond actively and constructively (and not passively or destructively) to capitalization attempts, the benefits were further enhanced. Two studies found that close relationships in which one's partner typically responds to capitalization attempts enthusiastically were associated with higher relationship well-being (e.g., intimacy, daily marital satisfaction). The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical and empirical importance of understanding how people "cope" with positive events, cultivate positive emotions, and enhance social bonds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
22.
Close relationship partners often share successes and triumphs with one another, but this experience is rarely the focus of empirical study. In this study, 79 dating couples completed measures of relationship well-being and then participated in videotaped interactions in which they took turns discussing recent positive and negative events. Disclosers rated how understood, validated, and cared for they felt in each discussion, and outside observers coded responders' behavior. Both self-report data and observational codes showed that 2 months later, responses to positive event discussions were more closely related to relationship well-being and break-up than were responses to negative event discussions. The results are discussed in terms of the recurrent, but often overlooked, role that positive emotional exchanges play in building relationship resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
23.
B. M. Gable G. J. Shiflet E. A. Starke Jr. 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(4):1091-1105
The coarsening resistance and thermal stability of several Ω plate-dominated microstructures were controlled through altering
the chemistry and thermomechanical processing of various Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys. Quantitative comparisons of Ω nucleation density,
particle size, and thermal stability were used to illustrate the effects of alloy composition and processing conditions. The
long-term stability of Ω plates was found to coincide with relatively high levels of silver and moderate magnesium additions,
with the latter limiting the competition for solute with S-phase precipitation. This analysis revealed that certain microstructures
initially dominated by Ω precipitation were found to remain stable through long-term isothermal and double-aging heat treatments,
which represents significant improvement over the previous generation of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys, in which Ω plates dissolved sacrificially
after long aging times. The quantitative precipitate data, in conjunction with a thermodynamic database for the aluminum-rich
corner of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag quaternary system, were used to estimate the chemistry of the α/Ω-interphase boundary. These calculations suggest that silver is the limiting species at the α/Ω interfacial layer and that Ω plates form with varying interfacial chemistries during the early stages of artificial aging,
which is directly related to the overall stability of certain plates. 相似文献
24.
Friedman and F?rster (2010) reviewed an extensive program of research that was consistent with the view that positive affective states broaden, whereas negative affective states narrow, the scope of attention. We applaud their creative investigations into these important psychological questions and appreciate their thorough review. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that the conclusions drawn by Friedman and F?rster need to be tempered, for the recent evidence suggests that motivational intensity rather than affective valence causes the modulations of attentional tuning. That is, affective states of low motivational intensity (e.g., sadness, postgoal positive affect) broaden attention, whereas affective states of high motivational intensity (e.g., disgust, pregoal positive affect) narrow attention. Our viewpoint is that attentional narrowing occurs during affective states of high motivational intensity to aid organisms in acquiring desirable objects and avoiding aversive ones. Attentional broadening occurs during affective states of low motivational intensity to open organisms to new opportunities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
25.
Greenberg Roger P.; Goldstein Arnold P.; Gable Richard 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1971,37(3):423
Examined the effects of the following factors on attraction to a taped therapist: (a) type of s (48 normal 10th-12th graders vs. 32 disturbed adolescents in a residential treatment center), (b) trait structuring (warm vs. Cold), and (c) structured background similarity (therapist had or had not had treatment as an adolescent). Measures obtained following the playing of the taped therapy session reveal that, as with previous samples, normal and disturbed ss were more attracted to a therapist previously described as warm rather than cold. In addition, ss were more attracted to a therapist described as being similar to themselves in treatment background. (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
26.
Positive psychology is the study of the conditions and processes that contribute to the flourishing or optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions. In this brief introduction, the authors give examples of current work in positive psychology and try to explain why the positive psychology movement has grown so quickly in just 5 years. They suggest that it filled a need: It guided researchers to understudied phenomena. The authors close by addressing some criticisms and shortcomings of positive psychology, such as the relative lack of progress in studying positive institutions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
27.
Impett Emily A.; Gable Shelly L.; Peplau Letitia Anne 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,89(3):327
This research provided the first empirical investigation of how approach and avoidance motives for sacrifice in intimate relationships are associated with personal well-being and relationship quality. In Study 1, the nature of everyday sacrifices made by dating partners was examined, and a measure of approach and avoidance motives for sacrifice was developed. In Study 2, which was a 2-week daily experience study of college students in dating relationships, specific predictions from the theoretical model were tested and both longitudinal and dyadic components were included. Whereas approach motives for sacrifice were positively associated with personal well-being and relationship quality, avoidance motives for sacrifice were negatively associated with personal well-being and relationship quality. Sacrificing for avoidance motives was particularly detrimental to the maintenance of relationships over time. Perceptions of a partner's motives for sacrifice were also associated with well-being and relationship quality. Implications for the conceptualization of relationship maintenance processes along these 2 dimensions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
28.
The thermodynamic expressions for the phases found in the aluminum-rich corner of the Al–Cu–Mg–(Ag) system were evaluated and refined to develop a self-consistent database. Microstructural characterization and thermal analysis aided in revising published thermodynamic data for the Al–Cu–Mg and Al–Cu–Mg–Ag systems. To represent the presence of silver an additional interaction energy term was formulated for the S phase, which was completed with the help of ab initio calculations that predicted silver substitution for aluminum within the phase. 相似文献
29.
Two studies examined achievement goals as predictors of self-reported cognitive/metacognitive and motivational study strategies and tested these study strategies as mediators of the relationship between achievement goals and exam performance in the normatively graded college classroom. The results support hypotheses generated from the trichotomous achievement goal framework. Mastery goals are positive predictors of deep processing, persistence, and effort; performance-approach goals are positive predictors of surface processing, persistence, effort, and exam performance; and performance-avoidance goals are positive predictors of surface processing and disorganization and negative predictors of deep processing and exam performance. Persistence and effort mediate the relationship between performance-approach goals and exam performance, whereas disorganization mediates the relationship between performance-avoidance goals and exam performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
30.
RA Taylor PH Marshall RD Dunlap CD Gable PS Sizer 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,28(2):81-87
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the number of breast cancer deaths induced by low dose radiation in breast cancer screening programmes compared with numbers prevented. METHODS: A computer simulation model on the natural history of breast cancer was combined with a model from BEIR-V on induced breast cancer mortality from low levels of radiation. The improvement in prognosis resulting from screening was based on the results of the Swedish overview of the randomised screening trials for breast cancer and the performance of screening in the Netherlands. Different scenarios (ages and intervals) were used to explore the objectives. Sensitivity analyses were carried out for latency period, dose of mammography, sensitivity of the screening test, early detection by screening of induced breast tumours, and new 1996 risk estimates by Howe and McLaughlin. RESULTS: For a screening programme, age group 50-69, two year interval, 2 mGy per view, the balance between the number of deaths induced versus those prevented was favourable: 1:242. When screening is expanded to the age group 40-49 with a one or two year interval the results may be less favourable, that is, 1:66 and 1:97. According to these scenarios and with the Dutch scenario as reference, one breast cancer death from radiation may be expected to occur to save eight extra deaths from breast cancer. If screening was equally effective in young women as in women aged 50-69, the marginal value was 1:+/- 30. Assuming detection of induced cancers by screening could influence the ratios by about 30%, but did not substantially change the conclusions. The new risk estimates by Howe and McLaughlin resulted in five times to eight times favourable ratios breast cancer deaths induced to prevented. Besides age group of screening, dose of mammography is the other determinant of risk. CONCLUSIONS: For screening under the age of 50, the balance between the number of breast cancer deaths prevented by screening compared with the number induced by radiation seem less favourable. Credibility intervals were however wide, because of many uncertainties of radiation risk at very low doses. 相似文献