Impact of consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oils on the incidence of various cancers- A critical review

Repeated heating of vegetable oils at high temperatures during cooking is a very common cooking practice. Repeatedly heated cooking oils (RCO) can generate varieties of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which have been reported as carcinogenic. RCO is one of the commonly consumed cooking and frying medium. These RCO consumption and inhalation of cooking fumes can pose a serious health hazard. Taking into account exploratory study, the present review aims to provide the consumption of RCO and its fumes cause the high incidence of genotoxic, mutagenic, tumorogenic and various cancers. The information on RCO and its fumes were collected through a library database and electronic search (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar). Remarkable studies demonstrated that the health adverse effects of RCO and its cooking fumes have been often attributed to their detrimental properties and ease to genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. RCO and its cooking fumes were found to enhance the incidence of aberrant cells, including breaks, fragments, exchanges and multiple chromosomal damages and micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the large consumption of RCO has been associated with a number of malignancies, including lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. The present review provides additional insights into the polluting features of PAHs produced various cancers via cooking activities in indoor environments.     

Effect of excess tin on the electrical properties of SnTe thin films

The influence of temperature and thickness on the electrical transport properties of 10% excess tin-doped polycrystalline SnTe thin films were investigated. From the observed variation of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient it is concluded that the material exhibits a p-type degenerate behaviour. Using the size effect data, different physical parameters such as Fermi energy, effective mass and scattering parameter were evaluated and compared with the results on SnTe thin films to understand the effect of excess tin.     

Vibrations of skew plates immersed in water

Vibrations of skew plates immersed in water have been studied in the present work. Two skew prism fluid elements have been developed for the above study. As there is no information available on them, a few experiments have been conducted to measure the frequencies of vibration of these plates immersed in water. The results of both the theoretical and experimental investigations have been compared and found to be agreeing reasonably well. The general findings of these plates regarding their aspect ratios, thickness ratios and boundary conditions are discussed. In addition, the influence of skew angles on the vibration of skew plates have been investigated. It has been noticed that the effect of added mass is found to decrease with the increase of skew angle.     

Comparison of shell theories in the analysis of cylindrical shells with discontinuity in the thickness

Cylindrical shells with discontinuity in the thickness and that are subjected to axisymmetric loading have been analysed. Two types of finite elements are used: the first is based on thin shell theory and the second on thick shell theory. The loadings considered are a uniform internal pressure and a circular ring load at the mid-section. The effect of these loads for various end conditions and various step-ratios in the thickness have been analysed. Numerical results are presented and compared for both the theories. It has been shown that the transverse normal stress acting along the thickness direction is not negligible compared to other stresses at places of discontinuity either in the thickness or in the loading. The weight of the shell is kept constant for various step-ratios.     

Hemorrhagic ascites due to congestive heart failure

Ascites due to congestive heart failure (CHF) is characteristically serous in gross appearance. Although hemorrhage into ascites commonly indicates a malignant or inflammatory cause, cirrhosis of the liver is a well known cause of bloody ascites. We report a case of hemorrhagic ascites due to biventricular congestive heart failure in which workup for other causes was negative and hemorrhage cleared after 4 months. In as much as the mechanism of ascites is similar in both cirrhosis and CHF, we propose that a similar mechanism could cause bleeding into ascites in CHF.     

A BiCMOS low-distortion 8-MHz low-pass filter

An 8-MHz seventh-degree elliptic-function low-pass filter is described, demonstrating an approach to low-distortion antialias filtering for high-definition video applications. The filter's performance goals are achieved through the use of circuit design principles that capitalize on the strengths of BiCMOS technology. The integrator circuits composing the filter consist of a new wideband low-distortion transconductor circuit and a unique BiCMOS Miller-stage circuit. Integrator time constants are determined by stable RC products, enabling a simplified filter calibration scheme that is insensitive to temperature-induced variations and requires no phaselock circuits. The prototype filter IC, consisting of seven integrators assembled in an active-ladder configuration, was fabricated in a 10-V, 2-μm 2.5-GHz BiCMOS technology that also features thin-film resistors and polysilicon-plate capacitors. Measured results from the calibrated filter show passband flatness of 0.2 dB, with aberrations of less than ±1 dB over a 100°C temperature range. Stopband attenuation meets its designed goal of 60 dB. Driven by 7-V_pp, differential input signals, the filter exhibits less than -72-dBc third-order intermodulation distortion products at 1 MHz. For 5-V_pp inputs at 4 MHz, third-order intermodulation spurs remain below -65 dBc     

Active control of beam with magnetostrictive layer

The paper analyses the damping characteristics obtained using a distributed magnetostrictive layer bonded to an aluminum beam for different boundary conditions and coil configurations. The magnetostrictive layer produces the actuating force required to control the vibration in the beam, based on a negative velocity feedback control law. The control input is the current to the solenoid surrounding the beam. Prior formulations in the literature have assumed that the current through the coil is a function of axial distance. Even though this assumption is mathematically valid, a physical consideration of the problem limits such an assumption. In the present study, perhaps for the first time, a finite element formulation, physically consistent with the problem has been developed. Vibration reduction in the beam, by positioning the magnetostrictive layer and its current carrying actuating coil pair along the beam is investigated. Issues associated with control for different boundary condition are highlighted.     

Particle image velocimetry: improving fringe quality with a negative-mask method

The photographic negative-mask method of neutralizing the diffraction-halo effect in speckle photography is applied to enhance the quality of Young's fringes obtained in particle-image-velocimetry studies. The improvement of the fringes achieved with the negative-mask method is compared with improvements by the commonly used method of analyzing a contact copy of particle-image-velocimetry specklegrams. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented.