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991.
R. D. Dupuis J. C. Bean J. M. Brown A. T. Macrander R. C. Miller L. C. Hopkins 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1987,16(1):69-77
We report the results of studies which have been made on heteroepitaxial layers of GaAs and AlGaAs grown by metalorganic chemical
vapor deposition on composite substrates that consist of four different types of heteroepitaxial layered structures of Ge
and Ge-Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100)-oriented Si substrates. It is found that of the four structures studied,
the preferred composite substrate is a single layer of Ge ∼1 μm thick grown directly on a Si buffer layer. The double-crystal
X-ray rocking curves of 2 μm thick GaAs films grown on such substrates have FWHM values as small as 168 arc sec. Transmission
electron micrographs of these Ge/Si composite substrates has shown that the number of dislocations in the Ge heteroepitaxial
layer can be greatly reduced by an anneal at about 750° C for 30 min which is simultaneously carried out during the growth
of the GaAs layer. The quality of the GaAs layers grown on these composite substrates can be greatly improved by the use of
a five-period GaAs-GaAsP strained-layer superlattice (SLS). Using the results of these studies, low-threshold optically pumped
AlGaAs-GaAs DH laser structures have been grown by MOCVD on MBE Ge/Si composite substrates. 相似文献
992.
Roger L. Crouse 《Information Systems Management》1987,4(2):41-47
Short staffing and insufficient technical and business knowledge among staff members can hinder information centers from meeting the needs of end users. Establishing groups of selected users with special skills improves end-user computing by opening communication channels, influencing training objectives, and fostering better user morale. This article explains the types of user groups that an information center can establish and the benefits to be derived from them. 相似文献
993.
The characteristics of optical pumping dynamics in laser-pumped, rare-earth-doped, solid-state laser materials are investigated by using a tunable alexandrite laser to pump Y3Al5O12 :Nd3+ in an optical cavity. It is found that the slope efficiency of the Nd laser operation depends strongly on the wavelength of the pump laser. For pump wavelengths resulting in low slope efficiencies, intense fluorescence emission is observed from the sample in the blue-green spectral region. This is attributed to the excited-state absorption of pump photons which occurs during radiationless relaxation from the pump band to the metastable state. This type of process is an important loss mechanism for monochromatic pumping of laser systems at specific pump wavelengths 相似文献
994.
Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid of group N streptococci codes for a wide variety of important metabolic properties associated with dairy fermentations. The increasing knowledge of the genetics of these bacteria has created exciting possibilities for genetically constructing improved starter strains. A review of current literature is presented on the genetics of group N streptococci, especially the development and implications of gene transfer and molecular cloning systems for further genetic studies and for strain improvement. Functional properties of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid and gene transfer systems, which include transduction, conjugation, transformation, and protoplast fusion, are reviewed and followed by a discussion of recent advances in gene cloning. 相似文献
995.
Direct conversion receiver (DCR) architecture, which has introduced the zero intermediate frequency (IF) approach, supports efficient wireless handset designs with a high level of integration. Transmission over wireless channels is subject to time dispersion due to multipath propagation and frequency dispersion due to Doppler effect, the design of wireless receivers are tremendously important in supporting reliable communication links. With wireless technology growing, the choice of optimal wireless receiver architecture that supports monolithic integration without performance degradation becomes an important dimension in modern handset design. The increasing demand for mobile terminals with smaller physical dimensions has led to the investigation of DCR, which supports single chip and multinode designs. Since DCR is a promising architecture for fourth generation mobile terminals, it is important to note that implementation of a certain dc offset technique does not compromise the benefits of low complexity receiver design. 相似文献
996.
R. Toledo-Marin F.A. Cruz-Perez L. Ortigoza-Guerrero 《Electronics letters》2007,43(7):399-401
A new mathematical method to analyse the performance of guard-channel-based strategies is proposed. The analysis is based on the iterative calculation of the average effective channel holding time. The method presented provides higher accuracy than alternative solutions previously reported in the literature 相似文献
997.
The results of block model calculations for multiple discretizations of a dielectric sphere and circular cylinder suggest that it is essential that the cells must be arranged for a best-fit of the body being modeled, the matrix elements must be reasonably accurate, and the cells must be small enough so that the pulse-function basis approximation is not blatantly unreasonable. When these criteria are approximately satisfied the remaining errors appear to be mainly due to imperfect representation of the shape of the object being modeled. It appears that the accuracy can be improved by using discretizations having cells of reduced size near the surface of the object. Geometric factors are defined which allow testing the potential accuracy of a solution without dimensioning or inverting a large matrix. Several unique procedures for discretization are also described that have the potential of partially mitigating the errors due to inaccurate representation of the shape of a scatterer. 相似文献
998.
Germination and growth from spores of toxigenic B. cereus strain USDA 201 in BHI broth containing Na2 EDTA were studied. Reduced growth was effected by low EDTA concentrations (< 300 ppm). Little or no growth was observed after incubation for 48 hr in broth containing from 300–1,000 ppm of EDTA EDTA did not affect percent spore germination, or release of Ca following heat activation and subsequent incubation. However, delayed colony development was observed as EDTA concentrations increased in the broth, and atypically small colonies formed on Plate Count Agar. Growth inhibition by 500 ppm EDTA was evident over the pH range 5–9, with the highest spore resistance observed at pH 7. Addition of Fe, Zn, and Ca to the media reversed the growth inhibitory action, whereas Mg was less effective. 相似文献
999.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several naphthoquinones (NQ) were determined in the presence or absence of nitrite (NO2?) against various strains of Clostridium perfringens. In fluid thioglycollate medium, MICs ranged from 70–100 ppm for 2-methyl-1,4-NQ (menadione), 200–280 ppm for 1,4-NQ, 180–250 ppm for 1,2-NQ, >500 ppm for several water-soluble derivatives and 100–300 ppm for NO2?. Using a type B strain in homogenized meat medium, MICs were 670 ppm for menadione, 620 ppm for 1,4-NQ and 770 ppm for NO2?. Nitrite, menadione and 1,4-NQ exhibited comparable and additive rather than synergistic inhibition. Some NQ compounds may have potential as partial nitrite substitutes subject to safety evaluation. 相似文献
1000.
Receptor mechanisms of the neonatal intestine and their relationship to immunoglobulin absorption and disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Immunoglobulin absorption by the calf has been the subject of considerable research. Despite these efforts little is known about the cytological events that occur at the level of the intestinal epithelial cell. These events have been studied extensively and characterized in the laboratory rodent; however, there have been few attempts to make corollaries between the two species. All neonatal animals display certain similarities in their intestinal morphology that may be correlated, with immunoglobulin absorption. Selectivity in absorption appears to be variable among neonatal animal species; however, all demonstrate some selectivity. Selectivity in absorption implies that receptors are a necessary component in the transport of immunoglobulins. Selectivity further requires binding of immunoglobulins to an endocytic vesicle membrane to ensure transport through the cell, circumvention of intracellular digestion, and release at the basolateral cell membrane. A decrease of immunoglobulin absorption may be accomplished in a variety of ways such as competition between intestinal microbes and immunoglobulins for a common receptor on the intestinal epithelial cell. An additional consideration is aberrant synthesis or recycling of the cell membrane receptor, as induced by metabolic decelerators such as cortisol. Failure to recycle immunoglobulin receptors also would decrease efficiency of absorption. 相似文献