全文获取类型
收费全文 | 482篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 98篇 |
金属工艺 | 5篇 |
机械仪表 | 14篇 |
建筑科学 | 56篇 |
矿业工程 | 4篇 |
能源动力 | 26篇 |
轻工业 | 29篇 |
水利工程 | 6篇 |
石油天然气 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 22篇 |
一般工业技术 | 102篇 |
冶金工业 | 62篇 |
原子能技术 | 7篇 |
自动化技术 | 69篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1923年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有507条查询结果,搜索用时 421 毫秒
11.
Methanesulphenyl chloride and n-butanesulphenyl chloride add readily across the double bonds in cis-1,4-polybutadiene. The addition is highly regioselective so that long sequences of saturated units are formed. The products are very unstable, evolving hydrogen chloride on standing, but can be stabilized by replacing the labile chlorine atom with other nucleophiles in a phase transfer catalysed reaction. 相似文献
12.
Wang P Behan G Kirkland AI Nellist PD Cosgriff EC D'Alfonso AJ Morgan AJ Allen LJ Hashimoto A Takeguchi M Mitsuishi K Shimojo M 《Ultramicroscopy》2011,111(7):877-886
Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) offers a mechanism for three-dimensional imaging of materials, which makes use of the reduced depth of field in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. The simplest configuration of SCEM is the bright-field mode. In this paper we present experimental data and simulations showing the form of bright-field SCEM images. We show that the depth dependence of the three-dimensional image can be explained in terms of two-dimensional images formed in the detector plane. For a crystalline sample, this so-called probe image is shown to be similar to a conventional diffraction pattern. Experimental results and simulations show how the diffracted probes in this image are elongated in thicker crystals and the use of this elongation to estimate sample thickness is explored. 相似文献
13.
An Example-based Procedural System for Element Arrangement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present a method for synthesizing two dimensional (2D) element arrangements from an example. The main idea is to combine texture synthesis techniques based‐on a local neighborhood comparison and procedural modeling systems based‐on local growth. Given a user‐specified reference pattern, our system analyzes neigh‐borhood information of each element by constructing connectivity. Our synthesis process starts with a single seed and progressively places elements one by one by searching a reference element which has local features that are the most similar to the target place of the synthesized pattern. To support creative design activities, we introduce three types of interaction for controlling global features of the resulting pattern, namely a spray tool, a flow field tool, and a boundary tool. We also introduce a global optimization process that helps to avoid local error concentrations. We illustrate the feasibility of our method by creating several types of 2D patterns. 相似文献
14.
In the past, the term e-learning referred to any method of learning that used electronic delivery methods. With the advent of the Internet however, e-learning has evolved and the term is now most commonly used to refer to online courses. A multitude of systems are now available to manage and deliver learning content online. While these have proved popular, they are often single-user learning environments which provide little in the way of interaction or stimulation for the student. As the concept of lifelong learning now becomes a reality and thus more and more people are partaking in online courses, researchers are constantly exploring innovative techniques to motivate online students and enhance the e-learning experience. This article presents our research in this area and the resulting development of CLEV-R, a Collaborative Learning Environment with Virtual Reality. This web-based system uses Virtual Reality (VR) and multimedia and provides communication tools to support collaboration among students. In this article, we describe the features of CLEV-R, its adaptation for mobile devices and present the findings from an initial evaluation. 相似文献
15.
Specification of communicating processes: temporal logic versus refusals-based refinement 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Gavin Lowe 《Formal Aspects of Computing》2008,20(3):277-294
In this paper we consider the relationship between refinement-oriented specification and specifications using a temporal logic.
We investigate the extent to which one can check whether a program in a process algebra, such as Communicating Sequential
Processes (CSP), satisfies a temporal logic specification using a refinement-based model checker, such as FDR. We consider
what atomic formulae are appropriate in a temporal logic for specifying communicating processes, in particular where one wants
to talk about the availability of events. We then show that, perhaps surprisingly, the standard stable failures model is not
adequate for capturing specifications in such a logic: instead the refusal traces model must be used. We formalise the logic
by giving it a semantics in this model. We show that the temporal operators eventually and until, and negation, cannot, in general, be tested for via simple refinement checks. For the remaining fragment of the logic, we
present a translation into simple refinement checks. Finally, we show that refusal traces equivalence is characterised by
a slightly augmented version of that fragment.
M. J. Butler 相似文献
16.
Sayyed Mohamad Azimi Gavin Nixon Jeremy Ahern Wamadewa Balachandran 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2011,11(2):157-165
This article introduces a novel magnetic bead-based DNA extraction and purification device using active magnetic mixing approach.
Mixing and separation steps are performed using functionalised superparamagnetic beads suspended in cell lysis buffer in a
circular chamber that is sandwiched between two external magnetic coils. Non-uniform nature of magnetic field causes temporal
and spatial distribution of beads within the chamber. This process efficiently mixes the lysis buffer and whole blood in order
to extract DNA from target cells. Functionalized surface of the magnetic beads then attract the exposed DNA molecules. Finally,
DNA-attached magnetic beads are attracted to the bottom of the chamber by activating the bottom magnetic coil. DNA molecules
are extracted from magnetic beads by washing and re-suspension processes. In this study, a circular PMMA microchamber, 25 μL
in volume, 500 μm in depth and 8 mm in diameter was fabricated to purify DNA from spiked bacterial cell cultures into the
whole blood sample using Promega Magazorb DNA extraction kit. The lysis efficiency was evaluated using a panel of Gram-positive
(Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial cells cultures into the blood sample to achieve approximately 100,000 copy levels inside the chip. Manufacturer’s
standard extraction protocol was modified to a more simplified process suitable for chip-based extraction. The lysis step
was performed using 5 min incubation at 56 °C followed by 5 min incubation at room temperature for binding process. Temperature
rise was generated and maintained by the same external magnetic coils used for active mixing. The yield/purity and recovery
levels of the extracted DNA were evaluated using quantitative UV spectrophotometer and real-time PCR assay, respectively.
Real-time PCR results indicated efficient chip-based bacterial DNA extraction using modified extraction protocol comparable
to the standard bench-top extraction process. 相似文献
17.
Gavin Paul Stephen Webb Dikai Liu Gamini Dissanayake 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2011,59(7-8):543-554
This paper presents a system for Autonomous eXploration to Build A Map (AXBAM) of an unknown, 3D complex steel bridge structure using a 6 degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot manipulator instrumented with a laser range scanner. The proposed algorithm considers the trade-off between the predicted environment information gain available from a sensing viewpoint and the manipulator joint angle changes required to position a sensor at that viewpoint, and then obtains collision-free paths through safe, previously explored regions. Information gathered from multiple viewpoints is fused to achieve a detailed 3D map. Experimental results show that the AXBAM system explores and builds quality maps of complex unknown regions in a consistent and timely manner. 相似文献
18.
Formal approaches to the design of interactive systems rely on reasoning about properties of the system at a very high level
of abstraction. Specifications to support such an approach typically provide little scope for reasoning about presentations
and the representation of information in the presentation. In contrast, psychological theories such as distributed cognition place a strong emphasis
on the role of representations, and their perception by the user, in the cognitive process. However, the post-hoc techniques
for the observation and analysis of existing systems which have developed out of the theory do not help us in addressing such
issues at the design stage. Mn this paper we show how a formalisation can be used to investigate the representational aspects
of an interface. Our goal is to provide a framework to help identify and resolve potential problems with the representation
of information, and to support understanding of representational issues in design. We present a model for linking properties
at the abstract and perceptual levels, and illustrate its use in a case study of a ight deck instrument. There is a widespread
consensus that proper tool support is a prerequisite for the adoption of formal techniques, but the use of such tools can
have a profound effect on the process itself. In order to explore this issue, we apply a higher-order logic theorem prover
to the analysis.
Received May 1999 / Accepted in revised form July 2000 相似文献
19.
Odourous emissions from sewer networks and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can significantly impact a local population. Sampling techniques such as wind tunnels and flux hood chambers are traditionally used to collect area source samples for subsequent quantification of odour emission rates using dilution olfactometry, however these methods are unsuitable for assessing liquid samples from point sources due to the large liquid volumes required. To overcome this limitation, a gas phase sample preparation method was developed for assessing the total Odour Emission Ability (OEA) from a liquid sample. The method was validated using two volatile organic sulphur compounds (VOSCs), dimethyl-trisulphide (DMTS) and bismethylthiomethane (BMTM) that are frequently detected from sewers and WWTPs and are relatively stable compared with common VOSCs like mercaptan or methyl mercaptan. The recovery rates of DMTS and BMTM were quantified by injecting a known volume of a standard liquid sample into Tedlar bags using a static injection and a dynamic injection methodology. It was confirmed that both dynamic and static injection methods at ambient condition achieved high recovery rates with no need to consider increasing evaporation by elevating the temperature. This method can also be used to assess odour removal effectiveness of liquids by comparing the OEA before and after the treatment tests. Two application examples were presented. 相似文献
20.
Case‐based reasoning (CBR) has drawn considerable attention in artificial intelligence (AI) fields with many successful applications in systems such as e‐commerce and multiagent systems. For the moment, research and development of CBR basically follows the traditional process model of CBR, i.e., the R4 model and problem space model introduced in 1994 and 1996, respectively. However, there has been no logical analysis for this popular CBR model. This article will fill this gap by providing a unified logical foundation for the CBR cycle. The proposed approach is based on an integration of traditional mathematical logic, fuzzy logic, and similarity‐based reasoning. At the same time, we examine the CBR cycle from the knowledge‐based (KB) viewpoint. The proposed logical approach can facilitate research and development of CBR. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献