An aversive treatment for addicted cigarette smokers: Preliminary report.

An aversive stimulus (electric shock) was paired with cigarette smoking in two groups of addicted smokers. In one group (E) the shock was made increasingly painful, in the other group (C) it was subliminal. In both groups shock was terminated when S put out his cigarette. Treatment was given in one session, with an average of 10 smoking-shock pairings per S. On 25% of trials shock was omitted. The treatment greatly reduced smoking in group E (9 Ss) but not in group C (4 Ss), and therefore has promise for the treatment of heavy smokers. Some subsidiary effects of the treatment were also noticed. More than two years after treatment there was evidence of reduced rates in some E group subjects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fiberoptic circuit network design under reliability constraints

A general mathematical model for a network design problem with reliability constraints and a revised formulation which seems particularly appropriate for fiber-optics networks is presented. Upper and lower bounding procedures based on continuous relaxations of this modified formulation are described. Preliminary computational results are reported. Limited computational results indicate a good performance of the algorithm, producing a gap between lower and upper bounds that is sufficiently small for a branch-and-bound procedure to be applicable     

Classical discrimination eyelid conditioning in primary psychopaths.

Compared conditioning rates of 29 psychopaths and 24 nonpsychopaths on classical eyelid discrimination. Psychopaths produced fewer CRs to both CS+ and CS- over 3 instructional sets. Although less responsive, psychopaths were not poorer discrimination learners according to a signal detection analysis of the data. Psychopaths' CR latency, amplitude, and slope were similar to those of nonpsychopaths. Results suggest that psychopaths are not inferior conditioners to negative reinforcement, but rather that they employ different response sets than nonpsychopaths. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The "addiction-prone" personality: A study of Canadian heroin addicts.

Reviews evidence supporting the "addiction-prone" personality theory of narcotic addiction. A nonaddict control sample (N = 82) was selected that incorporated several parameters found to be lacking in previous studies comparing addicts and nonaddicts. Results on the MMPI of the nonaddict sample were compared to those of an addict group (N = 51). Contrary to the "addiction-prone" theory, results of the addict and nonaddict groups were not reliably different. Results are discussed in terms of the "addiction-prone" theory, and an alternative theory is suggested. (French summary) (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Detection of the fake "good" and "bad" response on the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory in prisoners and college students.

Administered the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire to 30 inmates of a correctional center and to 30 college students, instructing some Ss to fake their answers to make themselves look better than they are and others to try to give a worse impression. In the fake-good condition, only 6 of the 18 factors examined were not altered significantly, and in the fake-bad condition only 2 factors. Prisoners and students produced similar faking results. The 3 dissimulation indices for detecting faking are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Administrative problems and patterns of correctional psychology departments in Canada.

Surveyed administrative problems and patterns of correctional psychology departments in Canada and compared the 2 major employers of correctional psychologists in Canada. These results were also compared with existing data on psychology departments in mental health settings. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A cost minimisation model for joint production and maintenance planning under quality constraints

In this paper, integrated planning of production, imperfect maintenance and process inspections in a multi-machine system is investigated. This system consists of parallel machines which deteriorate with time and they may shift from a primarily in-control state to a degraded state with a higher defective rate or to a failed state. Maintenance scheduling corresponds to a discrete time age-based imperfect maintenance with a large number of maintenance alternatives. Process inspections are considered to detect the current state of the system. Detecting a deteriorated condition initiates the quality check of the related sub-lots, rework of defective items and a process adjustment that brings the machine in its normal conditions. Production planning includes a capacitated lot-sizing problem with multiple products. We propose a joint approach that coordinates the decisions of the three functions, where the objective function minimises the total cost. Evaluation of costs and interacting factors is presented and two heuristic methods are proposed to solve the problem. The results of the joint model are compared to a non-integrated method and a sensitivity analysis is conducted.     

We must do a better job of cumulating knowledge.

It is argued that our attempts at knowledge cumulation have been flawed in 4 ways. They are the eroding of "empiricism" in clinical practice, the tendency towards paradigm passion and ethnocentricism, the failure to attend to "simple" measures of effect size, and the misuse of significance testing. It is recommended that speciality designations, the replacement of significance testing with point estimates and confidence intervals, the use of practical effect size statistics, the establishment of data repositories, and a renewed focus on replication would help resolve some of these problems. (This paper received the CPA Award for Distinguished Contributions in the Application of Psychology, 2001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimization model for handoff-aware channel assignment problem for multi-radio wireless mesh networks

Optimal channel assignment (CA) in multi-radio wireless mesh networks is an NP-hard problem for which solutions usually leave several links interfering. Most of these solutions usually consider the overall throughput as the main optimization objective. However, other objectives have to be considered in order to provide better quality wireless connections to non stationary users. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective optimization model that, besides maximizing throughput, improves fairness and handoff experience of mesh clients. In this model, we use the Jain’s index to maximize users’ fairness and we allow same-channel assignments to links involved in the same high handoff traffic, thus reducing handoff-triggered re-routing characterized by its high latency. Then, we propose a centralized variable neighborhood search and a Tabu search heuristics to efficiently solve our model as an offline CA process. Moreover, in order to adapt to traffic dynamics caused especially by user handoffs, we propose an online CA scheme that carefully re-assigns channels to interfaces with the purpose of continuously minimizing the re-routing overhead/latency during user handoffs. We further improve this online scheme using load balancing. Simulation results show the good performance of our proposed approach in terms of delay, loss rate, overall throughput and fairness. Particularly, performance results of our online handoff-aware CA show the effectiveness of handoffs not involving path re-routing in decreasing the delay, especially when considering load balancing.