Histone Deacetylases Function in the Control of Early Hematopoiesis and Erythropoiesis

Numerous studies have highlighted the role of post-translational modifications in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Among these modifications, acetylation modifies the physicochemical properties of proteins and modulates their activity, stability, localization and affinity for partner proteins. Through the deacetylation of a wide variety of functional and structural, nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate important cellular processes, including hematopoiesis, during which different HDACs, by controlling gene expression or by regulating non-histone protein functions, act sequentially to provide a fine regulation of the differentiation process both in early hematopoietic stem cells and in more mature progenitors. Considering that HDAC inhibitors represent promising targets in cancer treatment, it is necessary to decipher the role of HDACs during hematopoiesis which could be impacted by these therapies. This review will highlight the main mechanisms by which HDACs control the hematopoietic stem cell fate, particularly in the erythroid lineage.     

Hallucinations, Negative Symptoms, and Response Bias in a Verbal Recognition Task in Schizophrenia.

Several studies have reported an association between hallucinations and tendency to make false alarms in acoustic signal detection tasks. Previous work on patients with schizophrenia has suggested that false recognitions and other types of memory error were positively associated with hallucinations and inversely associated with certain negative symptoms of withdrawal. In this study, 40 patients with schizophrenia were administered a word recognition task. Mixed lists of high- and low-frequency words were presented, then the target words had to be recognized among distractors in immediate and delayed recognition conditions. Hallucination scores were correlated with an increased bias toward false recognitions of nonpresented words. Affective flattening tended to be correlated with a reduced bias toward false recognitions. Anhedonia was significantly correlated with a reduced response bias. Hallucinations and anhedonia therefore presented an opposite association with the response bias. The influence of word frequency and delay on this association is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Digestion of carbohydrate from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in healthy humans

An anatomic study of the ligamentous structures of the triangular fibrocartilage complex and their attachments on the ulnar styloid was performed using 27 embalmed cadaver wrists. The dorsal and palmar distal radioulnar ligaments of the triangular fibrocartilage complex in each specimen contained a superficial and a deep portion. The deep portion of both ligaments inserted on the fovea of the ulna. The superficial portion of both ligaments surrounded the articular disc uniting at the ulnar-most portion of the articular disc. The tissue that is between the ulnar aspect of the superficial ligament (and integrated on its periphery) and the ulnar capsule is defined as the meniscus homologue. Anatomic variations in the meniscus homologue and the prestyloid recess (the cavity adjacent to the ulnar styloid) were seen in 1 of 3 ways; the narrow opening type in 74% of specimens, the wide opening type in 11%, and the no opening type in 15%. The ulnotriquetral ligament inserted on the palmar-radial aspect of the base of the ulnar styloid and the ulnolunate ligament inserted on the palmar border of the articular disc.     

Bedeutung der Ertragsphysiologie für die Züchtung von Raps

The Importance of Crop Physiology for the Breeding of Oilseed Rape Crop physiology describes processes, which directly or indirectly control crop yield. Usually these processes and the resulting traits interact in a complex manner and are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, so that a direct influence of these processes on yield is seldom determined. However, the knowledge of crop physiology helps to find critical phases in yield formation and to use these information in plant breeding procedures. In this study the application of the knowledge of crop physiology by plant breeders is described for some source (e. g. genotypic variability of leaf and pod areas) and sink traits (especially No. of seeds per pod) for oilseed rape. Furthermore, examples are given to improve nitrogen uptake rate and nitrogen use efficiency by means of plant breeding.     

Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with malignant oral tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation

OBJECTIVE: To determine quality and duration of progression-free survival (PFS) time in dogs with malignant oral tumors after definitive megavoltage irradiation, to analyze prognostic factors for PFS time and patterns of failure, and to analyze the influence of tumor recurrence and development of metastasis on survival. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 105 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, or malignant melanoma of the oral cavity without evidence of metastasis. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with 48 Gy over 4 weeks on an alternate-day schedule of 4 Gy/fraction. Multivariate analysis was done by use of Cox's regression model to determine significant prognostic factors and by use of a competing risk model to determine the differential effects of prognostic factors on type of, and time to, failure. In 8% of the dogs, severe acute radiation reactions in the final week of treatment resulted in treatment discontinuation. In 7.6% of the dogs, chronic radiation reactions, including bone necrosis and fistula formation, developed. RESULTS: Prognostic factors that independently affected PFS time were histologic type and tumor T stage. Histologic type significantly influenced pattern of failure, but not time to failure, whereas clinical stage significantly influenced time to failure, but not type of failure. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Irradiation was a safe and effective treatment of malignant oral tumors. Because the local efficacy of radiation was influenced only by tumor size, early treatment of oral tumors should improve the prognosis. In dogs without tumor recurrence, systemic metastases, rather than regional metastases, limited long-term survival after radiation therapy.     

便携式散斑干涉仪的光路安排

数字散斑干涉(DSPI)是精密检测领域常用的一种测量技术，目前一般的数字散斑干涉系统使用大功率激光光源和大型光学实验平台，仅适用于实验室研究工作。为实现数字散斑干涉的工程现场应用．本文提出一种新的便携式数字散斑干涉仪的光路安排，它采用和小功率激光器相适应的光路配置，结构紧凑，体积小巧．在光源小型He-Ne激光器输出功率仅为5mW的条件下，仍然能在实验中获得良好的干涉条纹图，其对比度可以和利用20mW的激光得到的条纹图相比拟，有效地提高了激光的利用率。通过理论分析和实验验证，对该便携式数字散斑干涉仪的合理性进行了论证。     

泥质砂岩的三种导电模型的研究

在泥质砂岩的电测井解释模型中，目前比较流行的有三种导电模型，即Ｗ－Ｓ模型，Ｄ－Ｗ模型和Ｄ－Ｌ模型。泥质砂岩油气水层评价中需要对这三种模型的适应性进行评价。文中通过选取ＮＹ油田的２０块泥质砂岩样品以实验方法测定其阳离子交换量（Ｑｖ），并通过三种理论模型计算Ｑｖ进行比较研究。结果表明：Ｗ－Ｓ模型优于Ｄ－Ｌ模型，而Ｄ－Ｌ模型优于Ｄ－Ｗ模型，从而为测井地层评价提供了理论依据。     

Nerve agent poisoning in primates: antilethal, anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effects of GK-11

Point mutations at the tumour suppressor gene p53 are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which lead to the nuclear accumulation and overexpression of inactive p53 protein. The overexpression of mutant p53 protein can induce a specific humoral response in cancer patients. p53 protein was studied in 112 SCCHN. Biopsies and sera samples were collected before initiation of treatment. 74 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil-cisplatin-folinic acid). p53 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin-embedded sections. The analysis of mutations was assessed by PCR-SSCP of exons 5-10 on DNA from 28 representative cases. Antibodies specific for p53 protein were analysed in sera of 74 patients by an ELISA procedure. Overexpression (> 20% positive cells) of p53 protein was frequent (56%: 63/112) and was correlated with localisation of the primary tumour and tumour stage. p53 mutations were detected in 57% (16/28) of studied cases. The prevalence of p53 antibodies in sera was high (44% 32/74) and among this population, 68% (20/29) had a positive immunophenotype and 67% (6/9) a p53 mutation in the tumour. In addition, the presence of anti-p53 antibodies was slightly associated with complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. If the humoral response seems to be an indicator of the p53 protein status, the detection of anti-p53 antibodies could be a good approach in the early detection of the presence of p53 alterations in SCCHN and recurrent tumours or the appearance of second primary cancer.