The effects of providing knowledge of results upon the perceptual defense effect.

"The present paper reported a study designed to observe the perceptual defense effect over trials. It was hypothesized that the introduction of knowledge of results would result in an equalization of the probability of using anxiety words as responses and in the accuracy for neutral and anxiety words. The study did not confirm this hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

‘Heat from Above’ Heat Capacity Measurements in Liquid 4He

We have made heat capacity measurements of superfluid ⁴He at temperatures very close to the lambda point, T _λ, in a constant heat flux, Q, when the helium sample is heated from above. In this configuration the helium enters a self-organized (SOC) heat transport state at a temperature T _soc(Q), which for Q≥100 nW/cm² lies below T _λ. At low Q we observe little or no deviation from the Q=0 heat capacity up to T _SOC(Q); beyond this temperature the heat capacity appears to be sharply depressed, deviating dramatically from its bulk behaviour. This marks the formation and propagation of a SOC/superfluid two phase state, which we confirm with a simple model. The excellent agreement between data and model serves as an independent confirmation, of the existence of the SOC state. As Q is increased (up to 6 µW/cm²) we observe a Q dependent depression in the heat capacity that occurs just below T _SOC(Q), when the entire sample is still superfluid, This is due to the emergence of a large thermal resistance in the sample, which we have measured and used to model the observed heat capacity depression. Our measurements of the superfluid thermal resistivity are a factor of ten larger than previous measurements by Baddar et al.     

Self-Organized Heat Transport Near the Superfluid Transition in 4He

Heat transport through a column of superfluid ⁴ He has been observed experimentally to self-organize, resulting in a thermal gradient that exactly matches the gradient in the superfluid transition temperature across the column, leaving the entire sample at a constant distance from the superfluid critical point¹. We describe a new experiment that is designed to accomplish three objectives: 1) search for the upper critical heat flux above which self-organized heat transport can no longer occur, 2) measure the heat capacity of the self-organized heat transport state, and 3) test recent theoretical predictions^2,3 of the microscopic mechanism that is responsible for this self-organization.     

Ethical pitfalls for managers.

Maintains that psychologists who are American Psychological Association (APA) members and who hold managerial, administrative, or supervisory positions bear responsibility for adhering to APA's ethical principles. These principles bind all of the manager's behavior, not merely those behaviors that can be regarded as psychological in nature. The nature of managerial work is briefly reviewed, and ethical pitfalls encountered by psychologist/managers are analyzed. Examples of psychologist/managers who have violated the APA code are presented, and suggestions for avoiding such problems are offered. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using psychology to promote human welfare: A conceptual analysis of the role of community psychology.

Analyzed according to a conceptually developed matrix the approaches by which psychology can be used to enhance human welfare. The approaches include clinical psychology, community mental health, community psychology, and public policy psychology. Each approach is examined in terms of the intended target, the content of the intervention, the process involved in the intervention approach, and the knowledge base necessary for attempting such interventions. The differences between community psychology and community mental health are emphasized, and it is concluded that community psychology should disengage itself from the community mental health movement to fulfill its most important functions of interfacing with the social systems of deviance control and of socialization and support. (51 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rote learning in schizophrenic and normal subjects under positive and negative reinforcement conditions.

The defects on rote learning performance of adding positive or negative verbal reinforcers to the information provided by presentation of the correct response was studied in normals and in remitted and nonremitted schizophrenics. On a verbal discrimination task, the reinforcers facilitated the performance of all groups (p     

Control of ultralow pressures: an absolute thermodynamic manometer

A method of accurately manipulating the pressure of helium gas in the range P=10(-1) to 10(-20) Torr, T<5 K is presented. The method requires only a very modest apparatus and makes use of thermodynamic measurements on the 4He-Grafoil system. A calibration curve and a pressure scale for the manometer are developed which will allow convenient application in other laboratories. An experiment which utilizes the technique is briefly disscussed.     

A note on the structure of positive ions in liquid 4He

Evidence that the positive ion in liquid ⁴He forms a solid core with a solid-liquid interface is examined in the light of new analytic solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations. It is found that the existing evidence does not decisively favor the picture that a solid core is formed.Supported by the Italian agencies CNR and CNEN, and by NSF Grant No. 71-01819 under the U.S.-Italy joint cooperative research program.