Filtration Efficiency of Functionalized Ceramic Foam Filters for Aluminum Melt Filtration

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The influence of filter surface chemistry on the filtration efficiency of cast aluminum alloys was evaluated for four different filter coating...     

Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Richtigkeit von Stahlanalysen mit Automaten

Das Verhältnis der Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Laboratorien zu der Wiederholbarkeit innerhalb der Laboratorien bei der Erstellung von analytischen Informationen läßt auf systematische Unterschiede zwischen den Laboratorien schließen. Die so konstatierte unterschiedlich gute Beschreibung der Realität soll durch Erzeugen analytischer Informationen größtmöglicher Richtigkeit verbessert werden. Das wird erreicht durch Referenz; das ist eine definierte Atomzahl des Analyten, die nach einer Voranalyse durch Rekonstitution der Probenportion in Form einer festen oder flüssigen Lösung den gleichen physikalischen und chemischen Bedingungen ausgesetzt wird wie die Analysenprobe. Es werden der Produktion angepaßte sekundäre Referenzproben erzeugt für die Eichkontrolle der Analysengeräte nach mehreren Methoden. Dabei soll schließlich durch minimalen Aufwand eine maximale Übertragung des Vertrauens in die Referenz auf den Analyten in der Analysenprobe gesichert werden.     

Interfacial Approach toward Benzene‐Bridged Polypyrrole Film–Based Micro‐Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Volumetric Power Density

2D soft nanomaterials are an emerging research field due to their versatile chemical structures, easily tunable properties, and broad application potential. In this study, a benzene‐bridged polypyrrole film with a large area, up to a few square centimeters, is synthesized through an interfacial polymerization approach. As‐prepared semiconductive films exhibit a bandgap of ≈2 eV and a carrier mobility of ≈1.5 cm² V^?1 s^?1, inferred from time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy. The samples are employed to fabricate in‐plane micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) by laser scribing and exhibit an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 0.95 mF cm^?2, using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF₄]) as an electrolyte. Importantly, the maximum energy and power densities of the developed MSCs reach values up to 50.7 mWh cm^?3 and 9.6 kW cm^?3, respectively; the performance surpassing most of the 2D material‐based MSCs is reported to date.     

Hydrogen storage in 1D nanotube-like channels metal–organic frameworks: Effects of free volume and heat of adsorption on hydrogen uptake

Metal–organic Frameworks generate significant interest for their potential application as Hydrogen storage materials. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed at two different temperatures 77 and 300 K over a wide range of pressures to describe H₂ adsorption in 7 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which all have the same framework topology but different surface chemistry and different pore sizes. DREIDING and UFF force fields were identified to be able to predict adsorption isotherms for H₂ in MOFs in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data from the literature. This work reveals that at 77 K the total amount of H₂ adsorbed correlates mainly with: the heat of adsorption at low pressure and the free volume at high pressure. While at 300 K the amount adsorbed mainly correlates with the available free volume at both low and high pressure. None of the MOFs studied fulfils DOE requirement, this is due to their low heat of adsorption. The required adsorption energy to meet the DOE targets is estimated to be 34 kJ/mol.     

Extending the scope of ‘in silico experiments’: Theoretical approaches for the investigation of reaction mechanisms, nucleation events and phase transitions

The investigation of the atomistic mechanisms of processes in complex systems constitutes a major challenge to both theory and experiment. While experimental studies offer a wide variety of insights at the macroscopic scale, the atomistic level of detail often remains elusive. On the other hand, molecular simulation approaches may easily achieve microscopic resolution and hence appear particularly suited for detailed mechanistic analyses. However, the computational effort is typically quite considerable and in many cases special simulation strategies are needed to make simulations possible. This review is dedicated to special approaches for tackling the time/length-scale problem inherent to molecular dynamics simulations. Employing these techniques opened a series of new perspectives. The latter are illustrated with the example of recent simulation studies of the atomistic mechanisms involved in complex processes like crystal nucleation, phase transitions and reactions in solution. Along this line, we discuss the reaction mechanisms for He insertion into C₆₀ fullerenes, nucleation events and domain morphogenesis in pressure-induced phase transitions in solids and ion aggregation from solution.     

Arxula adeninivorans LS3 as suitable biosensor for measurements of biodegradable substances in salt water

A microbial amperometric sensor based on the yeast Arxula adeninivorans was tested to determine its suitability for measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in salt water. The viability of cells immobilized onto the sensor membrane was hardly influenced up to 10% (w/v) NaCl in the sample, although the solubility of oxygen was affected. NaCl concentrations higher than 10% (w/v) caused a marked decrease in the oxygen solubility and deactivated the sensor. This outcome depended on the substrates used, e.g., alanine-, galactose- and acetic acid-sensor signals were influenced by any salt concentration whereas glucose-, glycerol-, maltose- and arginine-sensor signals were influenced only by higher salt concentrations. Sensor signals from yeast extract as well as glucose correlated with the quantity of these substances and with the salt concentration contained in the water. This correlation was linear up to 10% (w/v) NaCl and 0·125% (w/v) yeast extract or up to 10% (w/v) NaCl and 0·125% (w/v) glucose in the sample. The sensor signals are therefore influenced only by NaCl-determined solubility of oxygen and not by the physiological parameters of the immobilized cells. However, an increase of yeast extract- or glucose-concentrations in the presence of NaCl caused physiological effects on the sensor cells. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

AILV1 gene from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 ­ a new selective transformation marker

The ILV1 gene of the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 (AILV1) has been cloned from a genomic library, characterized and used as an auxotrophic selection marker for transformation of plasmids into this yeast. One copy of the gene is present in the Arxula genome, comprising 1653 bp and encoding 550 amino acids of the threonine deaminase. The protein sequence is similar (60·55%) to that of the threonine deaminase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoded by the gene ILV1. The protein is enzymatically active during the whole period of cultivation, up to 70 h. Maximal activities, as well as protein concentrations of this enzyme, were achieved after cultivation times of 20–36 h. The AILV1 gene is a suitable auxotrophic selection marker in transformation experiments using an Arxula adeninivorans ilv1 mutant and a plasmid containing this gene, which is fused into the 25S rDNA of Arxula adeninivorans. One to three copies of the linearized plasmid were integrated into the 25S rDNA by homologous recombination. Transformants resulting from complementation of the ilv1 mutation can be easily and reproducibly selected and in addition are mitotically stable. Therefore, the described system is preferred to the conventional selection for hygromycin B resistance. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A set of genetic markers for the chromosomes of the imperfect yeast Arxula adeninivorans

The nuclear genome of the anamorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans was analysed by benomyl-induced haploidization of parasexual hybrids marked with 32 auxotrophic mutations and pulsed field gel electrophoresis followed by DNA hybridization. Twenty-seven genes have been arranged into four linkage groups by haploidization, 15 genes belong to group 1, six to group 2, and three each to groups 3 and 4. Five genes could be localized by DNA hybridization on three out of four separated chromosomes. The gene LYS2 of the largest linkage group 1 and the 25S rDNA were identified on the largest chromosome, the GAA and the TEF1 gene on chromosome 2, and the ILV1 gene of linkage group 4 on the smallest chromosome.     

Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans: a promising alternative yeast for biotechnology and basic research

Blastobotrys adeninivorans (syn. Arxula adeninivorans) is a non‐conventional, non‐pathogenic, imperfect, haploid yeast, belonging to the subphylum Saccharomycotina, which has to date received comparatively little attention from researchers. It possesses unusual properties such as thermo‐ and osmotolerance, and a broad substrate spectrum. Depending on the cultivation temperature B. (A.) adeninivorans exhibits different morphological forms and various post‐translational modifications and protein expression properties that are strongly correlated with the morphology. The genome has been completely sequenced and, in addition, there is a well‐developed transformation/expression platform, which makes rapid, simple gene manipulations possible. This yeast species is a very good host for homologous and heterologous gene expression and is also a useful gene donor. Blastobotrys (A.) adeninivorans is able to use a very wide range of substrates as carbon and/or nitrogen sources and is an interesting organism owing to the presence of many metabolic pathways, for example degradation of n‐butanol, purines and tannin. In addition, its unusual properties and robustness make it a useful bio‐component for whole cell biosensors. There are currently a number of products on the market produced by B. (A.) adeninivorans and further investigation may contribute further innovative solutions for current challenges that exist in the biotechnology industry. Additionally it may become a useful alternative to existing commercial yeast strains and as a model organism in research. In this review we present information relevant to the exploitation of B. (A.) adeninivorans in research and industrial settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.