纳米材料的表面修饰与应用

综述了纳米材料表面修饰的研究概况，介绍了纳米粒子的表面特性及表面修饰的目的和方法，阐述了表面修饰在制备半导体纳米材料、稀土化合物纳米材料、氧化物和金属纳米材料等方面的应用，并对表面修饰技术的发展进行了展望。     

光敏树脂的研制

本文介绍了环氧丙烯酸醌和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯这两种光敏树脂的合成方法，固化体系的选择，并对几种光固化引发体系作了比较。本文还就电子转移敏化剂在光固化反应中的应用作了初步探索。     

Electrode–Ceramic Inter-Diffusion of Ba(Ti,Zr)O3-Based Y5V MLCCs with Ni Electrodes

The Ba(Ti,Zr)O₃-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with Ni electrodes, which meet the Electronic Industry Association Y5V standard (from −30° to 85°C, at a temperature capacitance coefficient between −82% and 22%), have been studied in view of the electrode-ceramic inter-diffusion by several microstructual techniques (scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The EDS analysis shows that the elements' inter-diffusion took place along the metal–dielectric interface and the migration of Ni toward the dielectric layers dominated this process. The incorporation of Ni did not transform the crystal structure but introduced lattice distortions, which were characterized by HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, and EDS. The degree of Ni diffusion in the sample with the thinner dielectric layer was more severe. It was concluded from the results that the Ni diffusion is related to the formation of oxygen vacancies after the annealing process, which should be a noticeable factor in the degradation behavior and reliability of base metal electrode MLCCs. The factors influencing the inter-diffusion are also discussed.     

无机复合混凝剂ISF-01处理日用化学工业废水的研究

研究了新型无机复合混凝剂ISF-01对日用化学工业废水的絮凝、破乳效果及混凝剂用量和体系pH值对混凝效果的影响,并与其它无机絮凝剂进行了比较。试验结果表明．ISF-01混凝剂有较宽的pH适用范围,对日用化学工业废水具有良好的混凝效果,与传统混凝剂相比,它具有破乳性能好、投药量少、絮体沉降速度快、上清液透光性能好的特点。     

三种骨灰瓷原料的制备与晶相结构

本实验采用牛、猪、羊三种骨头通过高温煅烧制备骨灰瓷原料。采用XRD和SEM方法表征三种骨灰料的晶相结构和显微结构。实验结果表明 :三种骨灰料经 14 0 0℃煅烧后均存在Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6(OH) 2 、α -Ca3(PO4 ) 2 种晶相。在 132 0℃煅烧的三种骨灰料中 ,按牛、猪、羊顺序 ,Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量分别为 87 2 %、89 1%、71 9% ;β-Ca3(PO4 ) 2 含量最高 ,其可塑性和成瓷性能好 ,从晶相上考虑选择羊骨为较佳的骨灰瓷原料。从白度和透光度上考虑选择牛骨为较佳原料。随着煅烧温度升高 ,三种骨头料的β-Ca3(PO4 ) 2 含量增加 ,羊骨和牛骨中的Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量减少 ,而猪骨的Ca1 0(PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量反而增加。因此煅烧温度升高对羊骨和牛骨有利 ,而对猪骨不利     

The linear viscoelastic properties of copolypropylene–clay nanocomposites

The linear viscoelastic properties of copolypropylene (cPP)–clay nanocomposites (cPPCNs) prepared by melt intercalating with different amounts of clay were extensively examined by rheological measurements. Meanwhile, the clay effects on the cPP confinements were first estimated by calculating the activation energy of different cPP moving units, including the whole molecular chain, the chain segment, and smaller unit such as chain link. The results showed that the stability of cPPCNs melts wrecked when the clay loading was above 5 wt %. An increase in clay loading of cPPCNs gave rise to a strong low frequency solid‐like response (G′ > G″). Unlike the matrix polymer, cPPCN5 (with 5 wt % clay) exhibited a relaxation plateau as relaxation time prolonged above 100 s, and displayed a maximal linear modulus. The variations of the activation energy of different cPP moving units revealed that the mobility of cPP molecular chains was restricted by clay layers, while these restrictions were not only related to the clay loadings but also largely depended on the clay dispersion status in the matrix. The motions of cPP chain segments were greatly limited at 3–5 wt % loading of clay, but drastically activated with the addition of 7 wt % clay due to the increasing stacks of clay layers within the matrix. However, it was found that the presence of clay had little effect on the mobility of small cPP moving units such as chain links. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1523–1529, 2006     

基于Monte Carlo随机模拟的综合交通网络布局评价与决策方法

针对综合交通网络评价指标权重及属性值具有主观性和随机性的特点,提出了基于模拟运算的布局规划方案排序选优的群体随机决策方法.仿真生成满足集结的多个专家对指标重要性偏好排序统计分布的权重,同时考虑交通需求的不确定性对指标值的影响,结合客观熵权计算方案的综合评价值,由多次模拟得到的排序优势度确定方案的优劣差异.根据设计的仿真流程通过算例说明了方法应用的有效性,评价中考虑了主客观因素及随机性特征,可以为网络布局提供科学决策依据.     

基于集对分析与NSGA-Ⅱ的生产作业多目标优化

针对生产过程中生产作业的优化调度问题,以生产质量、效率和成本阈值为约束条件,基于集对分析建立了的生产质量—效率—成本控制的生产作业多目标优化模型;利用快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）求解优化模型,得到相对确定条件下质量—效率—成本控制的Pareto最优解集。决策者依据实际生产过程需要,为各项生产作业从Pareto最优解集中筛选最合理的调度方案。最后,通过算例仿真验证了结合集对分析与NSGA-Ⅱ的方法解决生产作业多目标优化问题的准确性、有效性和实用性。     

二氧化钛光催化降解水溶性分散染料的研究

以太阳光，氙灯为光源，研究了二氧化钛的晶型对可溶性分散染料光催化降解及吸附性能的影响，发现无定型TiO2对分散染料有很强的吸附净化能力，锐钛型TiO2在250nm-400nm的波长范围内有明显的吸收峰，从而提高了光催化效率，TiO2对分散大红、分散棕黄，分散黑等染料的脱色率、COD去除率均在80%以上。     

时间触发以太网的分布式任务负载均衡分配方法

对于以时间触发以太网(time-triggered Ethernet,TTE)为互连基础设施的分布式综合化系统,通过将各个任务的物理拓扑、虚拟链路拓扑等多种设计约束属性转化定义为代价函数。提出了一种将信息处理和通信任务指派并映射到分布嵌入式资源的方法,使设计者能够利用TTE网络通信的时间确定性机制,统一地安排处理任务和通信任务。采用模拟退火算法启发式求解优化问题,保证网络节点处理和节点间通信的负载均衡性。通过一个TTE网络拓扑下任务分配的案例,采用软件仿真的形式说明这种方法的适用性。