On partitioned controllability of switched linear systems

When a switched linear system is not completely controllable, the controllability subspace is not enough to describe the controllability of the system over whole state space. In this case the state space can be divided into two or three control-invariant sub-manifolds, which form a control-related partition of the state space. This paper investigates when each component is a controllable sub-manifold. First, we consider when a sub-manifold is controllable for no control input case. Then the results are used to produce a necessary and sufficient condition assuring the controllability of the partitioned control-invariant sub-manifolds of a class of switched linear systems. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.     

A MEMS affinity glucose sensor using a biocompatible glucose-responsive polymer

We present a MEMS affinity sensor that can potentially allow long-term continuous monitoring of glucose in subcutaneous tissue for diabetes management. The sensing principle is based on detection of viscosity changes due to affinity binding between glucose and poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA), a biocompatible, glucose-specific polymer. The device uses a magnetically driven vibrating microcantilever as a sensing element, which is fabricated from Parylene and situated in a microchamber. A solution of PAA-ran-PAAPBA fills the microchamber, which is separated from the surroundings by a semi-permeable membrane. Glucose permeates through the membrane and binds reversibly to the phenylboronic acid moiety of the polymer. This results in a viscosity change of the sensing solution, which is obtained by measuring the damped cantilever vibration using an optical lever setup, allowing determination of the glucose concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that the device is capable of detecting glucose at physiologically relevant concentrations from 27 mg/dL to 324 mg/dL. The glucose response time constant of the sensor is approximately 3 min, which can be further improved with device design optimization. Excellent reversibility and stability are observed in sensor responses, as highly desired for long-term, stable continuous glucose monitoring.     

The application of a binary division procedure to the classification of forest subcategories using MODIS time-series data during 2000–2010 in China

Forests account for more than 23% of China’s total area. As the most important terrestrial ecosystem, forests have tremendous ecological value. However, it remains difficult to classify forest subcategories at the national scale. In this study, a newly developed binary division procedure was used to categorize forest areas, including their spatiotemporal dynamics, during the period 2000–2010. Time-series images acquired using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), together with auxiliary data on land use, climate zoning, and topography, were utilized. Hierarchical classification and zoning were combined with remote-sensing auto-classification. Based on the forest extent mask, the state-level forest system was divided into four classes and 18 subcategories. The method achieved an acceptable overall accuracy of 73.1%, based on a comparison to the sample points of China’s fourth forest general survey data set. In 2010, the total forest area was 1.755 × 10⁶ km², and the total area of and shrubs was 4.885 × 10⁵ km². The total area of woodland increased by 2536.25 km² during the decade 2000–2010. The shrub subcategories exhibited almost no change during this time period; however, significant changes in forest area occurred in the mountainous region of Northeast China as well as in the hilly regions of Southern China. The main transformations took place in cold-temperate and temperate mountainous deciduous coniferous forest, subtropical deciduous coniferous forest, subtropical evergreen coniferous forest, and temperate and subtropical deciduous broadleaved mixed forests. The binary division procedure proposed herein can be used not only to rapidly classify more forest subcategories and monitor their dynamic changes, but also to improve the classification accuracy compared with global and national land-cover maps.     

Lua语言在轻量级Web服务器设计中的应用

Lua是一种小巧的脚本语言,它的易扩展性与整合性,使得它可以与别的语言很好的融合在一起,实现各种各样的需求,因此它的应用非常的广泛.本文利用Lua脚本语言与标准C语言相结合,在Linux操作系统上设计并实现了一个轻量级的Web服务器程序.Lua脚本语言的引入,使Web服务器不仅易于配置和安装,而且可以在那些无法负担IIS的主机上顺畅地运行;还进一步提高了服务器的运行速度,并增强了服务器的灵活性和扩展性.     

Improved Adaptive Controller Synthesis of Piecewise‐Affine Systems

This paper considers the adaptive control problem for piecewise affine systems (PWS), a novel synthesis framework is presented based on the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function (PQLF) instead of the common quadratic Lyapunov function to achieve the less conservatism. First, by designing the projection‐type piecewise adaptive law, the problem of the adaptive control of PWS can be reduced to the control problem of augmented piecewise systems. Then, we construct the piecewise affine control law for augmented piecewise systems in such a way that the PQLF can be employed to establish the stability and performance. In particular, the Reciprocal Projection Lemma is employed to formulate the synthesis condition as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which enables the proposed PQLF approach to be numerically solvable. Finally, an engineering example is shown to illustrate the synthesis results.     

“遥感数字图像处理”教学改革初探

遥感数字图像处理是地理信息系统专业的核心课程,针对遥感数字图像处理的自身特点和目前该课程的教学现状,从优化教学内容、完善教学手段、激发学生兴趣、注重实验教学、提高学生动手能力等方面对该课程的教学进行了一系列改革。教学结果表明,这些措施可以有效促进学生的学习兴趣,并加深他们对知识的理解。     

Development and application of a simulation model for changes in land-use patterns under drought scenarios

In arid and semiarid areas of northern China, one of the most vulnerable regional environments, water resources are a key constraint on socioeconomic development. We constructed a simulation model for land-use patterns under a drought transition (i.e., the increased frequency and duration of drought since the late 1970s in the Yongding River Basin study area) to account for the complexity of both the driving factors behind land-use change and the micro-level changes in land-use patterns. This model was a combination of the “top-down” system dynamics model, the “bottom-up” cellular automaton model, and the artificial neural network model. In this model, we considered the socioeconomic development and water resource restrictions, as well as the balance between the land-use requirements and the land supply. We then verified the model through a case study. The results demonstrated the value of constructing a simulation model driven by water resource constraints under the influence of drought. The spatial distribution of land uses in future scenarios will help support decision-making for sustainable regional development.     

改进Elman网络的污水处理过程建模

污水处理过程具有多变量、非线性、大滞后和强耦合的特点,建立精确的数学模型十分困难,为了精确的描述污水处理过程,本文将1种改进型的递归神经网络应用在污水处理过程建模中,建立了污水处理过程关键水质参数的智能模型。Elman网络作为1种动态神经网络,网络的动态特性可以很好的反映系统的内部动力学特征,但是标准的Elman网络只对隐含层的输出进行了反馈,并且只反馈给了隐含层的输入,反馈信息较少。针对此问题,本文提出1种改进型的Elman网络(OAF Elman网络),增加了输出层的反馈信息,将反馈信息既传给隐含层输入又传给输出层的输入,同时将隐含层的反馈也作为输入层的输入,使网络的输出包含更多的输入信息,能够更好的反映系统的时变、非线性等特征。采集污水处理厂生化反应过程实际运行数据,取对COD影响较大的MLVSS、进水COD、pH值、氨氮4个种指标作为递归神经网络模型的输入,对污水出水的关键水质参数COD进行建模,网络的训练误差达到0.011,测试误差达到0.4875。实验结果表明:与传统的Elman网络和其他几种改进型的Elman网络相比,本文提出的OAF Elman网络具有更丰富的动力学特性,建立的污水处理模型达到...     

基于单片机的便携式温度控制系统

设计一个便携式的温度控制系统,该系统使用AT89S5l单片机作为控制器,半导体冷热芯片为执行器,带有PID算法和使用PWM输出的温度控制系统。做出系统的电路和作为被控对象的温控箱。通过实验可以看出本设计的温度控制能力稳定、可靠,能很好的满足多种温度控制场合。     

电网实时信息的二次开发

以实现电网调度系统SCADA系统实时信息共享为基础 ,提出调度MIS系统的设计思路 ,分析了应用调度MIS系统所需要的SCADA实时数据种类 ,介绍了在数据共享的基础上开发的以调度MIS系统实现的有关电网实时信息二次应用功能