Bias dependence of high-frequency noise in heterojunction bipolar transistors

Hawkins' isothermal model developed to study noise in bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) is modified to investigate bias-dependent noise in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) by incorporating thermal effects. It is shown that the inclusion of thermal effects into the high-frequency noise model of HBTs is necessary as the temperature of the device may become very different from the ambient temperature, especially at high bias current. Calculation of the noise figure by including the thermal effect shows that the isothermal calculation may underestimate the noise figure at high bias current. It is observed that noise at low bias is ideality factor n dependent whereas high bias noise is insensitive to the variation of n. Moreover, the common base current gain plays a major role in the calculation of the minimum noise figure. The excellent fit obtained between the theoretical calculation and the measured data are attributed to the inclusion of the bias-dependent junction heating as well as C/sub De/ and C/sub bc/ into the present calculation.     

A Bluetooth Routing Protocol Using Evolving Fuzzy Neural Networks

In this paper, a routing protocol which utilizes the characteristics of Bluetooth technology is proposed for Bluetooth-based mobile ad hoc networks. The routing tables are maintained in the master devices and the routing zone radius for each table is adjusted dynamically by using evolving fuzzy neural networks. Observing there exists some useless routing packets which are helpless to build the routing path and increase the network loads in the existing ad hoc routing protocols, we selectively use multiple unicasts or one broadcast when the destination device is out of the routing zone radius coverage of the routing table. The simulation results show that the dynamic adjustment of the routing table size in each master device results in much less reply time of routing request, fewer request packets and useless packets compared with two representative protocols, Zone Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing.     

中国部分地区甲型肝炎病毒基因型分析

目的　分析中国部分地区甲型肝炎病毒 (HepatitisAvirus,HAV)的基因型。方法　采自辽宁 (LN1、LN2、LN3 )、上海 (Lu3 8)和云南 (YN)甲型肝炎病人的粪便标本共 5份 ,从中分离纯化HAV并提取病毒RNA ,以逆转录 半嵌套聚合酶链式反应 (RT hnPCR)合成VP1 2A交接区及VP1氨基端 ,经克隆筛选后进行测序分析。结果　所分离到的 5株HAV野毒株VP1 2A交接区 168个核苷酸 (nt)的片段与IB亚型的野毒株HM175比较 ,核苷酸差异 >7.5 % ;与IA亚型的日本野毒株AH1、AH2、AH3、FH1、FH2和FH3比较差异 <7.5 % ,因而均属IA基因亚型。但与IB亚型的野毒株MBB比较 ,LN1、LN3和Lu3 8在该区域的核苷酸差异 <7.5 %。进一步将LN1的VP1 2A交接区 3 3 9nt的片段、LN3和Lu3 8的VP1氨基端的核苷酸序列与MBB进行比较 ,核苷酸差异 >7.5 % ,表明这 3株HAV仍属IA基因亚型。结论　所分离到的HAV野毒株LN1、LN2、LN3、Lu3 8和YN均属IA基因亚型     

无线光接入技术

无线光通信系统以其高带宽、低成本和安装迅捷等优势成为非常有竞争力的光接入新技术。对无线光通信系统的关键技术、主要优势和存在的问题及国内外相关产品的发展状况和主要特点进行了论述和介绍。     

基于本地缓存的弹性分组环保护机制

本文提出一种基于本地缓存的弹性分组环保护倒换机制(WrapProtectionBasedOnLocalBuffers,简称WP-LB)。其主要思想是当环路上任何位于源节点和故障区域之间的中间节点接收到含有故障信息的控制信令后,就不再向下游转发数据分组,而是在本地缓存这些数据。等到保护通路建立好之后,再把缓存的数据分组经过保护通路发送给目的节点。分析计算表明,与原有的保护倒换(WrapProtection,简称WP)机制相比,WP-LB机制不仅提高带宽利用率,减少平均时延,并且还能避免数据包的丢失和失序。     

TPS/TDC3000系统串口通讯的规划与应用

针对TPS/TDC30 0 0系统串口通讯方式、机理进行了一般性的介绍 ,对规划与应用中常见的的问题 ,根据实际工程应用经验提出了解决方案。     

基于防水墙系统的信息安全与保密解决方案

一、引言防火墙、IDS、内外网隔离以及其它针对外部网络的访问控制系统,可有效防范来自网络外部的进攻,但对于企业内部的信息保密问题,却一直没有好的防范方法:内部人员可以轻松地将计算机中的机密信息通过网络、存储介质和打印等方式泄露出去,一旦这些敏感信息、重要数据、设计图纸等流失到敌对势力、竞争对手手中,将给国家、企、事业单位造成重大损失。特别是军工行业、政府机关、承担国家敏感课题的科研部门,涉及到更多的国家机密,对于涉密信息采取严密的防护措施更是显得尤为必要。目前,国家制定了很多相关规章制度,明确规定,这些企事…     

基于极限平衡理论定量评价井壁稳定性

井壁稳定性的准确评价对优化井身结构、优选完井方式、提高固井质量、提高测井解释精度等具有极其重要的指导意义。井壁稳定归根结底是井周应力状态与地层岩石强度的平衡关系问题。基于极限平衡理论从受力与材料强度两方面出发,应用统一处理平衡方程与破坏准则,分析了井周的应力分布,得出在与原水平最大主应力方向夹角为90°和270°处,井壁最易坍塌;夹角为0°和180°处,井壁最易破裂。进而提出了井壁的坍塌评价系数Sc和破裂评价系数Sf,当Sc=1或Sf=1时,井壁处于极限平衡状态;当Sc>1、Sf>1时,井壁稳定,且值越大,井壁越稳定。井壁坍塌评价系数和破裂评价系数为评价井壁稳定性提供了定量指标。     

An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China

Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management.     

大块式动力基础的振动分析与加固处理

根据一大块式曲柄连杆机构的机器钢筋混凝土基础的振动测试与振动分析 ,诊断了基础发生工程事故的原因 ,并结合工程特点 ,在不改变基础设计的动力参数的情况下 ,确定了灌浆加固处理方法 ,并介绍了灌浆加固处理的效果。